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韓 Sir 資深英語教師
用英語寫作，學生常犯的錯誤，很多時候是把英語世界內的詞類 (word class)混淆不清地使用，應該用動詞時用了名詞，應用名詞時卻用了形容詞等等。令學生更困擾的是有些英語詞彙，同一個字可作不同詞類，用起來便錯漏百出了。其中一個最易犯錯的是 “lack”這個又是名詞又是動詞的英文字。試找出下列句子的錯處：
1. He is lack of confidence to write in English. (他缺乏信心用英語寫作。)
2. She lacked in will-power to finish the task. (她缺乏毅力完成任務。)
3. The students failed because they were lacked practice. (學生因為缺乏練習而失敗了。)
4. The song is lacking of originality. (那首歌曲欠缺原創性。)
應該怎樣糾正呢？我的建議如下：
1. He lacks confidence to write in English.
2. She lacked will-power to finish the task.
3. The students failed because they lacked practice.
4. The song is lacking in originality.
頭三句的“lack”，應是動詞。當“lack”用作動詞時，是一個及物動詞 (transitive verb)，可直接帶一個受詞 (object)，所以在第一和笫二句是不需有介係詞 (preposition)，“of”和“ in”是多餘的。第三句雖然沒有錯加介係詞，但是把“lacked”寫成“were lacked”，變成了被動語法 (passive voice)，也是不必要的。
lacking變了形容詞 須加介係詞
第四句的“lacking”，原來變了形容詞 (adjective)，所以必須加入介係詞 (preposition)，而當 “lacking”是形容詞時，就不能用“of”，而必須用“in”。
那麼，甚麼時候用“of”？當“lack”是名詞時，便必須用“of”了。看下列例句：
1. The lack of resources put immense pressure on the teachers.
(資源短缺 令教師承受極大壓力。)
2. Johnson fell asleep in class due to a lack of sleep last night.
( 昨晚缺乏睡眠，尊遜今天在課堂上睡著了。)
3. The lack of integrity led to the principal's downfall.
(缺乏誠信是那校長垮台的主因。)
4. The policy makers‘ lack of consideration for teachers’plight threw the education sectors into turmoil. (政策制定人對教師困局的冷漠使教育界陷入一片混亂。)
考考您，看看您能否糾正下列句子的錯誤：
1. The old man lacked of money .
2. Hong Kong is lacking of natural resources.
3. The project was cancelled because there was lacked volunteers.
4. People in distress often find something lacking of their lives.
(Key : 1. The old man lacked money.
2. Hong Kong lacks natural resources.
3. The project was cancelled because there was a lack of volunteers.
4. People in distress often find something lacking in their lives. )
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