logo ­º­¶ > ¤å¶×³ø > ªö­· > ¥¿¤å

¡i¦Ê®a´Y¡j¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö

2018-12-21

¦· ©Ô

¡u§Ú­Ì¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡A§Ú­Ì¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡A§Ú­Ì¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö......¡v¸t½ÏºqÁnÅT°_¡A¨º»ò²³æªº¤@¥yºqµü¡A³ºµM¥i¥H¬y¶Ç³o»ò¤[¡A¤w¦h¤Ö¦~¤F¡H¥ý¬O§Ú¦Û¤v±q¤pÅ¥¨ì¤j¡A¦AÅ¥¨ì³s¨â­Ó¤k¨à¤]ªø¤j¡A¤j±o¤j¾Ç³£²¦·~¤F¡C

¤H³vº¥ÅܦѡAºq¦±«oµ·²@¤£§ï¡C¨C¦~¤@¨ì·³ªW³£­nÅ¥¦n¦h¦^¡AµL½×¨«¨ì­þ¨à¡AµóÀY«Ñ§À¡A³B³BºqÁnÅT¡C´Nºâ¶}¨®ªº®É­Ô¥´¶}¹q¥x¡A¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó¥x¡A³£¤£·|§Ñ°O¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡I¤Ó³ßÅw³o­º¸g¨åºq¦±¡A§Ô¤£¦í¨ìºôµ¸¤F¸Ñ­I´º¡C

16¥@¬ö°_·½©ó­^°ê¦è³¡ªº¡m¸t½Ï¹|ºq¡n¶Ç°Û¨ì¤µ¤Ñ¡A³Ì¦Ñªºª©¥»¤w¸g¦b·³¤ë¤¤®ø³u¡A¥Ø«eªººqµü¬O­^°ê¬Fªv®a¡A¤]¬O§@®aÀ¹ºû´µ¡D¦Nº¸§B¯S¡]Davies Gilbert¡^¦b¤j¬ù1832¦~¦¬¶°ªº¡C1833¦~«Â·G¡D®á­}¡]William Sandys¡^´¿¸g¥Xª©¹L¡A1928¦~¡m¤û¬z¸t½Ï¹|ºq¡n©M1992¦~ªº¡m·s¤û¬z¸t½Ï¹|ºq¡n¨â¥»®Ñ¤¤³£¦¬¿ý¤F³o­º¸t½Ï¹|ºq¡C

¨C¦~¤@½ñ¤J12¤ë¡A¯M¦«¸`¤éªº¸t½Ïºq¦±¥|³B¶Ç°Û¡A¤×¨ä¦b°Ó³õ¡A¥|©u¤£¤À©úªº«n¬v¦a¡A¹LþÓ®L¤Ñ¼Ë¼ö®ðÄËÄ˶§¥ú²r¯Pªº¸t½Ï¡A°Ó®a»s³y¥X¨Óªº½J½J¥Õ³·°ïº¡«Ç¤º¡A¥ÕÄG¤l¬õ¦çªAªº¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤H§Ö¼Ö¦aµ¹Áy¤W¬v·¸þÓ©¯ºÖ©M³ß®®ªº¤p«Ä¤À¬£¿}ªG¡A©ÔþÓ³·¾õªº12°¦¹¥³À¤]»°ºò¨Ó§i¶D¤j®a¸t½Ï¸`¨ì¤F¡C³Ì¨üÅwªïªº¬O±¾º¡¤F¦UºØÆAÄR°{«G¹¢ª«Åã±o¤­ÃC¤»¦âªº¸t½Ï¾ð¡A¾ð¤U°ïº¡¥]²Ï±oº}«G¹Ü¥ØªºÂ§ª«¡A®ðª^¤Q¨¬Åý¨C­Ó¨Ó¤H³£­n¹L¥h¦X­Ó¼v¡A¦ü¥G³o¼Ë´Nº¡¨¬¤F¡u¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡vªºÄ@±æ¡C

°Ó³õ¸Ì³}¨Ó³}¥hªº¤H¬Ò¯º®e¥i±Å¡C§Ú¯¸¦b¤G¼Ó©¹¤U¬ÝþÓ¬y¥ú·¸±mªº¸t½Ï¾ð¡A°£¤FÅý¤H¤ß±¡´r§ÖªºµY²wº¡¥Øªº¸Ë¸m¡A»´ÃPªººq¦±¤¤ÁÙ¦³¤@ºØ¹ï¬ü¦nªºÂQ©¹©M¥ú©úªº´Á«Ý¦b¸ÌÀY¬yÂà¡A­è­è³­þÓ§Ú¶i¨ÓªºµJ¼{©M·Ðļ¦b©_§®ªººqÁn¤¤³vº¥®ø¥¢¡C

§Ú°O±o­º¦¸Å¥¨ì¡A¦bÂb«°¤¤¸ô¤@¶¡±Ð·|¤p¾Çªº±Ð°ó¡A¨º¬O²Ä¤@¦¸¬Ý¨£±Ð°ó¡AµÂ¿p¯«¸tªº·Pı¡A¤ß°¨¤WÅܱo¥­ÀR¡A«D±`¦n¡A¦n¨ì®tÂI¦¨¬°±Ð®{¡C«D°ò·þ®{ªº§Ú¤]¤£«H¥õ¤Ñ¥D±Ð¡A¦ý¸t½Ï¸`¬O³Ì³ßÅwªº¸`¤é¡A§Ú¥²¶·©Ó»{¨ä¤¤µ´¹ï¬O¸t½Ïºq¦±ªº¤O¶q¡C´X¥G©Ò¦³ªº¸t½Ïºq³£¦³¤@ºØ¦©°Ê¤H¤ßªº±Û«ß¡C¦±½Õ©M¿Ó±y´­¡AºqÁnÀu¬ü¯Â²b¡A·ÐÄÛªº¹Ð¥@¶¡¦pªG¦³¤@­Ó¦wÀRªº®É¨è¡A¨º¬O¸t½ÏºqÁnÅT°_ªº®É¸`¡C

³o¤é§Ú­Ì§¤¦b¤p©@°ØÆU¸Ì¤ÈÀ\¡C¦]¬°³o¸Ìªº¸t½Ï§G¸m²¼ä·ÅÄÉ¡A³Ì¦³½ì¦Ó¨ã³Ð·Nªº¬O©±¥D±N©±¸Ì³\¦hªF¦è³£À¹¤W¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤HÀY¤W¬õ¥Õ¦â¦y³»ªº´U¤l¡C·í¤u§@¤H­û§âÀ¹´UªºªG¥Ä©ñ¦b®à¤Wªº®É­Ô¡A±¡¤£¦Û¸TÅw©I¤F°_¨Ó¡Cµ½¸Ñ¤H·NªºEVA·L¯º¡J¡u§Úª¾¹D§A·|³ßÅw¡C¡v

¡u³o´£¿ô§Ú¸t½Ï¸`§Ö¨ÓÁ{¤F¡I¡v§Ú¤ß±¡´r§Ö¦a¦^µª¦o¡CEVA¸ü§Ú°Â¨ÓÂà¥hªºÂ¶¤F³\¤[¡A¤~§â¨®¤l°±¦b³o®a¤p¤pªºÀ\ÆU«á­±¡C¡u¨ä¹ê§Ú¤µ¤Ñªº¦­À\¤]¬O¦b³o¸Ì¦Yªº¡C¡v¡u¨º¤ÈÀ\¤S¦A¨Ó¡H¡v§Ú¸Ò²§¡C¡u¦³³o»ò¦n¦Y¶Ü¡H¡v¡u¤µ¤Ñ¤W¤Èªº¸t½Ïºq¦±ºV°Ê¤F§Úªº¤ß©¶¡C¡vEVA¤ß³nªº¯«±¡Åý¦o¯qµo¥i·R·Å¬X¡C¥u¬O¦]¬°¦o¨Ó¸ü§Úªº®É­Ô¡A§Ú§i¶D¦o§Ú³ßÅw¸t½Ï¸`¡C¦oªº²´·ú¤@«G¡u§Ú¤]«Ü³ßÅw¸t½Ï¸`¡C¡v´N¨M©w§â¤ÈÀ\¤]¿ï¾Ü¦b¦­À\ ªºÀ\ÆU¡C

¡u¤w¸g¤£¬O¤p«Äªº§Ú¡A¹ï¸t½Ï¸`¨ÌµM¥Rº¡´Á«Ý¡C¡v¤µ¤Ñ±N®a¤¤¤T­Ó¤p«Ä°e¨ì°²¤éÀç¦]¦¹¦³®É¶¡¬ù¤È¶ºªºEVA»¡°_¦oµ£¦~ªº¸t½Ï¸`¡C¡u¤­¤»·³§a¡A§Ú°O±oÁÙ¦í¦b¤pÂíªº¥Ìº]¡]¶m§ø¡^¡A¾F©~¦³¦L«×¤H¡B°¨¨Ó¤H¡A´N¬O¨º®É­Ô¶}©l¡A§Ú³Ì³ßÅwªº¸`¤é¬O¸t½Ï¸`¡C¡v¨Æ¹ê¤W¸`¤éªºÅw¼Ö¶}©l¦b¸t½Ï«e¤i¡C¡u12¤ë24¤é±ß¤W¡A¤j¬ù©]¸Ì11ÂI¥b¡A¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤H¨­¤W­IþÓ¤@­Ó¤j³U¤l¡A»âþÓ¤@¸s°Û¸Ö¯Zªººq¤â¡A¨ì§Ú­Ì¾F©~®a¸Ì¨Ó¡A¨º¤á¤H®a¬O¦L«×¤H¡A«D±`¤Íµ½¡C¾Fªñªº¤p«Ä³£¶]¨ì¦L«×¤H®a¸Ì¥h¡A¥]¬A°¨¨Ó¤p«Ä¡A¥]¬A§Ú·íµM¡C¡v¤@ÃäÅ¥þÓ®®¦Õ°ÊÅ¥»´ÃP´r§Öªº¸t½Ïºq¡A¡u¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤H¶}©l¬£¿}ªG©M¦¶¥j¤O¡A«Ä¤l­Ì¿³¾Ä¦a³ò¶þӦѤH¥sÄW¡A¡vEVA¨I·Ä¦b¬ü¦nªº¦^¾Ð¸Ì¡u¨º¬O§Ú¦³¥Í¥H¨Ó²Ä¤@¦¸¦¬¨ì§ª«¡C¥]¸Ë±o¨º¼Ëºë¬üªº¯«¯µÂ§ª«¥´¶}¨Ó¡A¦³®É¬O¤@½øª±¨ã¨®¡A¦³®É¬O¤@­Ó¼³º¡¡A¦³®É¬O¤@°¦ª±¨ã°Êª«¡C¡vEVAªº·P°Ê¬O¡u¨º¬O¤p«Ä¯u¥¿³ßÅwªºª±¨ã¡A¥L­Ì¨Ã¤£¬OÀ³¹S¦¡¦a°e¥X¥L­Ì¤£­nªºªF¦è¡C¡v¦o¨C¤@¦~³£¥Rº¡´Á«Ý¡A³o¤@­Ó¸t½Ï¸`­è¹L¥h¡A´N§Æ±æ¤U¤@¦~ªº¸t½Ï¸`°¨¤W¨ì¨Ó¡C¨º¬O¤p¤pªº¤H¨à³Q¯k·R¡A¨ü¨ì´L­«ªº¸`¼y¡A¡u¦h»ò·ÅÄɪº¬ü¦n®É¥ú¡C¡vEVA¼L¨¤ªº¯º®e©M·í®É¤@¼Ë´r®®¡C¡u¥Ã»·¤£·|§Ñ°O¡C¡v¸t½Ï¦¨¬°¦o¤ß¤¤¥Ã»·¤£·|¹L¥hªº¸`¤é¡C

EVA«á¨Ó¹ï«Ý«Ä¤l¡A´N±qµ£¦~ªº¸t½Ï¸`¤§¤¤Àò±o¸gÅç¡C«Ä¤l¯S§O»Ý­n¯k·R¡BÃöª`©M´L­«¡C

¨â­Ó¤k¨à¦b¤¤¾Ç®É­Ô§i¶D§Ú¡A¦o­Ì³Ì³ßÅwªº¨f§ó´µ¦³¤@¥»¤p»¡¥s¡m¸t½Ï¹|ºq¡n¡A¨k¥D¨¤¬O­Ó¥u·|ÁÈ¿úªº©t´H°­¡A¸t½Ï«e¤i¤j®a³£©ñ°²¤F¡A¥LÁÙ¦b®IÀY¤u§@¡A±q¨Ó¤£ªÖ±ÏÀÙ½a¤H¡A´Nºâ¬O¿Ë±­¥L¤]¤£²z¤£¸B¡C¦³¤@¦~¸t½Ï«e¤i¡A¤T­Ó°­»î±a¥L¬ï¶V¹L¥h¡A²{¦b©M¥¼¨Ó¡AÅý¥LÅܦ¨¤@­Ó·O´d¬°Ãhªº¦Ñ·Ý·Ý¡C

¤k¨à°Ý¡J¡u¥L´N¬O¨º­Ó¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤H¹ï¶Ü¡H¡v§Úªº¨â­Ó¤k¨à¡A¤@ª½¨ì¤p¾Ç²¦·~¤~ª¾¹D¨C¤@¦~°e§ª«¨ì¦o­Ì§ÉÀYªº¸t½ÏÄû¤l¸Ìªº¸t½Ï¦Ñ¤H¬O¤÷¥À¿Ë¡C¡]¦o­Ì«éµM¤j®©¡uÃø©Ç¤@ª½¤@ª½³£¬O°e®Ñ°Õ¡v¡I¡^¨º¬O¨S¦³¤â¾÷ºôµ¸ªº®É¥N¡A¤~¯à°÷«O¦³µ£¸Ü©M¯«¸Ü¡C¸t½Ï¸`¥t¤@­º¥Ã¤£°h¦âªººq¦±¡m¹a¨àÅT¥m¾´¡n¡Aºqµü¤]¬O¤£°±¦a­«½Æ¡u¥m¥m¾´¡A¥m¥m¾´¡A ¹a¨àÅT¥m¾´¡C§Ú­Ì·Æ³·¦h§Ö¼Ö¡A §Ú­Ì§¤¦b³·¾õ¤W¡C¥m¥m¾´¡A¥m¥m¾´¡A ¹a¨àÅT¥m¾´¡C§Ú­Ì·Æ³·¦h§Ö¼Ö¡A§Ú­Ì§¤¦b³·¾õ¤W¡C¡vÅý¤H·Pı³£¬O¬°«Ä¤l­Ì¼gªº¡C³o¬O¥þ¥@¬É³ÌµÛ¦W¤]¬O¸g±`¶Ç°Ûªº¬ü°ê¸t½Ïºq¦±¡C

­^°ê¦è³¡¤W¬yªÀ·|ªº¤H¡A¦b¸t½Ï¸`²±®b¤W¤@©w©Û«Ý¤@¹D²¢«~¥s¡uµLªáªG¥¬¤B¡v¡]­^°ê¦è³¡¤è¨¥¡A¡ufiggy pudding¡v§ó¦h«ü¸²µå°®¥¬¤B¡^¡A¦b¡u§Ú­Ì¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡vºqµü¸Ì¤]¼g±o¤@²M¤G·¡¡u§Ú­Ì­n¦YµLªáªG¥¬¤B¡A¡v¡]µL¶¡Â_­«½Æ¤T¦¸¡^¡u§â¥¬¤BÂ\¨ì³o¸Ì¨Ó¡v¡A¡u¦Y¤£¨ì§Ú­Ì´N¤£¨«¡v¡]¤]µL¶¡Â_­«½Æ¤T¦¸¡^¡A¤@°Æ«Ä¤lªºµL¿à¤f®ð¡A«oÅý¤Hı±o¥i·RÅw³ß¡C¡u©Ò¥H§Ö§Ö®³¥X¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì±a¨Ó¨Î­µ¡Aµ¹§A©M§Aªº¿Ë¤Í¡A§Ú­Ì¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡A ¯¬§A·s¦~§Ö¼Ö¡C¡v

µL½×­^°ê©Î¬ü°ê¡A¸t½Ïºq¦±¦ü¥G¯S§Oª`­««Ä¤l¡A¤×¨ä¸t½Ï¸`ªºÂ§ª«§ó¬O¤£¥i©Î¯Ê¡A«Ä¤l­Ì³ßÅw¹L¸t½Ï¤]¥i¥H²z¸Ñ¡C§Ú¤£¬O«Ä¤l¡A¦ý§Ú«D±`³ßÅw¸t½Ï¸`¡C¸t½Ï§ª«´N§K¤F¡A¦ý¤£¯à¨S¦³¸t½Ï¸²µå°®¥¬¤B¡A°â»ù¤£§C¡A¥i¨C¦~¤@©w¦Ü¤Ö­n¦Y¤@­Ó¡C·í§Ú¦b¸t½Ï¸`«e¤i¡A¤Á¶}¸t½Ï¥¬¤B¡A¬ü¬ü¦a«~À|¡A¦³°s¨ýªG¨ý¶W¯Å²¢ªº¸²µå°®¥¬¤B¡A°t¤W¤£¥[¿}ªº¯Â¬õ¯ù©Î¶Â©@°Ø¡A³o¬O§Úªº¸t½Ï¸`¼y¨å»ö¦¡¡C§A¤]¨Ó¤@¶ô§a¡I

¯¬§A¸t½Ï§Ö¼Ö¡I

Ū¤å¶×³øPDFª©­±

·s»D±Æ¦æ
¹Ï¶°
µøÀW