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韓 Sir 資深英語教師
要把說話說得漂亮、文章寫得出色，便必須懂得分析話語的結構和運用方法。在英語世界內，這樣的研究分析，叫做 Discourse Analysis，可以譯作「話語分析」。 Discourse 是指一段說話或文字，可以是段落 (paragraphs)、會話 (conversations) 或是採訪 (interviews )等。而 Discourse Analysis (話語分析)，便是分析句子(sentences) 如何組合而構成更大意義單位的話語，如段落、會話和採訪等。
要知道顯出話語結構的詞彙
要分析話語，便要知道在一段落的說話或文字中某些詞彙的作用，因為那些詞彙，是顯示出話語的結構，帶出話語的意義。有些是用來連接上文，如“with reference to”,“talking about” 等；有些用來表示對前者的態度，如 “I'm afraid”,“no doubt”等；有些用來改變說話或文章的方向，如“I say”,“incidentally”等。這些統稱為 Discourse markers (話語標記) ，看下列舉例：
1. With reference to your letter dated 26th February,2009, I am pleased to inform you that…
2.“I saw John and Mary yesterday. You know, she… ”
“Talking about Mary, did you know she was divorced recently ?”
3.“ My girlfriend left me…”
“ I'm afraid I can't help you.”
4.“ My English is very weak. I wonder if I can catch up with you …”
“ No doubt you'll be keeping up with us in a year if you keep reading this column.”
Discourse Markers話語標記 用途廣泛
5.“Do you know Paul dumped Judy and left for America ? ”
“ I say ! Have you seen George lately ?”
6.“ What a pity that they've moved to Canada! ”
“Yes, isn't it ? Oh, incidentally, when are you going to return the book I lent you last year ?”
考考您，看看下列句子應用哪一個 Discourse marker (話語標記)：
( A. guess what B. After all C. Admittedly D. actually E. Still F. by the way)
1.“ We should buy that new model. ”
“_____, it is very expensive, but I really need it.”
2.“You can't expect your students to understand all these. _____, they've only studied here for two months.”
3. The meeting will be from 9 a.m. till noon. Oh, _____, the government officials are not coming.
4. That was one of the most boring movies I've ever watched. _____, the actress was pretty.
5. I persuaded Susan to go for a date with Billy, and _____ ? She married him last week.
6.“ How was the concert ?”
“Well, _____, I didn't go. ”
(Key : 1C 2B 3F 4E 5A 6D)
要懂得運用這些話語標記，又是一門學問，多讀多聽多練習，大家努力吧！
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