放大圖片
到美國西部旅遊的人士必然會到大峽谷觀光,欣賞它色彩斑斕的岩層和險峻的峭壁。大峽谷總長度約為446公里,深1.8公里,寬6至29公里,對渺小的人類來說,確是龐大而壯觀的地貌,可是相比火星上的「水手峽谷」,卻猶如小巫見大巫。水手峽谷由美國水手9號火星探測器於1972年首先發現,因而命名。這個火星的大峽谷長度達4,000公里,深7公里,寬200公里,足足沿火星赤道環抱火星四分一周。上圖把水手峽谷套在中國版圖內,讓讀者更能體會火星峽谷的龐大。大約在40至20億年前,火星剛形成不久,表面冷卻,形成岩石地殼,但內部仍為炙熱的岩漿,岩漿因高溫而向外膨脹,逼使脆弱的地殼爆裂,形成現今的水手峽谷,或許1百年後,人類終會踏足水手峽谷進行探測。
The Grand Canyon of Mars
The Grand Canyon is truly a‘grand’geologic structure by human standard. The Grand Canyon is about 446 km long and 1.8 km deep. Its width ranges from a mere 6 km to 29 km. But a‘grander’canyon is awaiting human exploration just next door. Attaining 4,000 km in length, 7 km in depth and 200 km in width, Valles Marineris (Latin for Mariner Valleys, named after the Mariner 9 Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a truly immense rift system that dwarfs its earthly sibling. The above picture compares Valles Marineris with the dominion of China and gives you an idea of its vastness. About 2 to 4 billions years ago magma beneath the surface of Mars heated up and pressed against the Martian crust forcing it to crack and formed the majestic canyon. ■甄枝強 資深天文愛好者
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