|
韓Sir 資深英語教師
在英語世界內，很多單字變化多端，可以由動詞(Verb)變為名詞(Noun)，「應用語言學」稱之為"Nominalization"(名詞化)，也有由名詞變為動詞的，稱"Verbalization"(動詞化)。看下列舉例：
1. John and Jane argued about their family budget.
2. John and Jane had an argument about their family budget.
上述兩句的意思一樣，都是敘述尊與珍為家庭預算而爭執。句一用了動詞：argued；句二用了名詞：argument。
再看這兩句：
3. Peter has friends from all walks of life.
4. Peter has befriended people from all walks of life.
這兩句都意指彼得「交遊廣闊」。句三用了名詞：friends；句四用了動詞：befriended。
把動詞變名詞，通常是於字尾加上"suffix"(後綴)，稱"nominalizers"。下表列出常用詞語：
Verbs Suffixes Nouns
betray -al betrayal
conclude -sion conclusion
depart -ure departure
enquire -y enquiry
free -dom freedom
govern -ment government
把名詞變動詞，可能是加"suffix"(後綴)，但也可能是加"prefix"(前綴)，稱"verbalizers"。看下表舉例：
Nouns Suffixes/Prefixes Verbs
head be- behead
title en- entitle
value de- devalue
pressure -ize pressurize
threat -en threaten
solid -ify solidify
試用Nominalization(名詞化)或Verbalization(動詞化)，然後作出適當改變，改寫下列句子：
例：
They still could not conclude after a heated debate.
They still could not come to a conclusion after a heated debate.
1. He believed that their acts were a betrayal of trust.
2. The police found a body with his head cut off.
Key:
1.He believed that they betrayed his trust.
2.The police found a beheaded body.
|
