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不久之前,筆者與大家簡述議論文的基本組織。今期想再多舉一個例子,令大家更清楚知道應試時如何處理有關題目。
舉例而言,你選擇了以下題目:
Question: Write a letter to the Editor of Hong Kong Post (HKP) arguing for or against the North East New Territories Development Project.
首先,你必須找出題目的RATS,即Role(角色)、Audience(觀眾)、Text Type or Genre(體裁)及Style(文風)。
Role
.你是HK Post讀者,應嘗試在新界東北發展項目上影響人們的意見(you are supposed to influence peoples' opinions with regard to the controversial North East New Territories Development Project)。
.你的角色決定你要如何組織文章內容。
Audience
.觀眾是其他讀者與編輯。
.觀眾決定你可選用的詞彙。
Text Type or Genre
.A formal letter(正式書信)。
.考慮整體結構,如何open and close the letter(起草和結束書信)。
Style
.Formal (正式)。
.你應避免選用slangy(俚語的)或過分emotive(使人情緒激動的)的生字,因為較難幫助你去說服其他人。
正反立場均擬備
當你決定好RATS後,不妨將正反兩方的論點例舉出來,藉以develop a scratch outline(草擬一個大綱);同時,請記住盡量準備3個論點去支持自己的立場。
For(支持)
.The North East New Territories Project (the project) will definitely promote economic development in the nearby areas.
.The project will create plenty of job opportunities.
.The project will help meet better long-term housing needs.
Against(反對)
.The project may bring irreparable(無法彌補的)harm to the current ecological system.
.The project will create hassle(煩擾)to current residents.
從以上例子可見,由於支持的論點比反對多,所以選擇撰寫支持新界東北發展會較易。最後,提醒大家,議論文要求作者提供logical(合乎邏輯的)和balanced(平衡的)的論點,而非單靠emotive languages(使人情緒激動的語言)。
筆者現正在英國工作,新學年將與大家分享筆者在當地的見聞。
Practice
Instruction: please prepare a scratch outline which lists three arguments for the following topic.
Write a letter to your school newspaper arguing for or against the introduction of a compulsory gap year to the current secondary school curriculum.
For
.___________________
.___________________
.___________________
nst
.___________________
.___________________
.___________________
Answers
For
.A gap year enables students to grow since they have to plan for themselves.
.Having a gap year may be good for the students financially.
.Having a gap year makes students' resume look good.
Against
.A gap year, if used badly, is a complete waste of time.
.It may lead to the rise of more school dropouts.
.Having a gap year may be expensive if students travel a lot.
■Dr. A. Chan
作者簡介:哲學博士,哲學碩士,文學士,英語講師。熟悉公開考試之出題模式與評分準則,任教英語。
逢星期五見報
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