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Both tianlu and bixie are imaginary animals, resembling lions and tigers. During the Han dynasty, they were regarded as animal deities, with the power to dispel evil. In the Eastern Han dynasty, stone tianlu and stone bixie were placed as guards in front of mounds of higher ranking tombs, so they could clear obstacles for the tomb occupants' transcendence from souls to deities. They also symbolised each tomb occupant's identity and status.

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