logo ­º­¶ > ¤å¶×³ø > ±Ð¨| > ¥¿¤å

¡i¦Ì©_¬Ý¥@¬É¡j¨¯­W§ð¤J¼Ä°ê ¥u¨£ÀZ«®±Ñ¥Ë

2019-01-18
¡½®³¯}±[¡½®³¯}±[

¤W¦^´£¨ì«X°ê±Ä¨úµJ¤g¬Fµ¦¨Óªï¾Ô±j¤jªºªk­x¡A¦ý¤°»ò¬OµJ¤g¬Fµ¦©O¡H

µJ¤g¬Fµ¦´N¬O¤@ÃäºM°h¡A¤@Ãä§â¥ô¦ó¡u¹ï¼Ä¤H¨Ó»¡³£¬O¥i¥ÎªºªF¦è¡v¡A¥þ³¡¤©¥H¯}Ãaªº¤@ºØ¾Ô²¤¡CÀHþÓªk­x²`¤J«X°ê»â¤g¡A«X­x¤£Â_¦b¦Û¤vªº»â¤g¤W©ñ¤õ¡A¦Ó²ö´µ¬ì¤j¤õ´N¬O³o­Ó¾Ô²¤ªº¨ä¤¤¤@³¡¤À¡C1812¦~6¤ë¡A®³¯}±[¥¿¦¡¤J«I«X°ê¡A¸g¹L3­Ó¤ë®É¶¡¡Aªk­x¤w¸g­¢ªñ²ö´µ¬ì¡C«X°êªº­x¨Æij·|¡]Russian military council¡^¦b9¤ë12¤é¨M©w©ñ±ó²ö´µ¬ì¡C©Ò¦³«X°ê¤H¡A¤£½×­x¶¤¡]army¡^¡B¶Q±Ú¡]nobility¡^ÁÙ¬O¥­¥Á¡]commons¡^¡A³£¶}©lºMÂ÷³o­Ó¥L­Ì´¿¸gªº³£«°¡C

¥¿¦p¤W¦^´£¨ì¡A¤j¤õ¥Ñ9¤ë14¤é¶}©l¡A¦]¦¹¦b¤j¤õµo¥Í®É¡A¤j³¡¤À²ö´µ¬ì¤H¤w¸gÂ÷¶}¡C®³¯}±[¦b9¤ë15¤é¨ì¹F§J¨½©iªL®c¡]Kremlin¡^¡A²Ä¤G¤é´N¦]¬°¤j¤õ¦Ó³Q­¢ºM¥X¡C²ö´µ¬ì¤j¤õ¥O¥þ«°¥I¤§¤@¬²¡A§ð¦û²ö´µ¬ì¥ç¦AµL¹ê»Ú·N¸q¡]meaningless¡^¡A¦b¬ù¤@­Ó¤ë«á¡Aªk­x¨Ã¶}©lºM°h¡]retreated¡^¡C

¸Õ·Q¹³¡A§A±a»â¤@¶¤¤j­x§ð¤J¼Ä°ê¡A¦ý©Ò¨ì¤§³B¡A¤@¤ùÀZ«®±Ñ¥Ë¡]ruined¡^¡C¥ý¤£½×¤ß²z¤Wªº¥¢±Ñ·P»PÀ£¤O¡A´N¬O§ä¸Éµ¹¤w¸g¬O¤j°ÝÃD¡Cªk­x´N¦b³o­Ó±¡ªp¤U¡AÀª§¼¦a½ñ¤WÂk³~¡A¦ý«X­x¦­´N¦bµ¥³o¤@¨è¡C

·íªk­x±Òµ{¦^°ê®É¡A¾D¨ì«X­x¤jÁ|ŧÀ»¡A¸òÀH®³¯}±[©º¾Ô¦h¦~ªºªk­xºë¾U¦º¶ËºG­«¡A¦¨¬°®³¯}±[­Ë¥xªº¶}©l¡A¦¹«á«X­x¤@¸ô°lÀ»¦Ü¤Ú¾¤«°¤U¡A®³¯}±[³Ì²×«Å§G°h¦ì¡C¡½¦Ì©_ ¤¤¤j³qÃѺӤh¡A¤u§@¼Æ¦~¤S¶]¥h­^°ê¯d¾Ç¡A¶¶¹D¬Ý¬Ý¥~°ê¤å¤Æ

¹j¬P´Á¤­¨£³ø

Ū¤å¶×³øPDFª©­±

·s»D±Æ¦æ
¹Ï¶°
µøÀW