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«Ü¦h®É­Ô¼gij½×¤å³£»Ý­n´£¥X¦Û¤vªº½×ÂI¡A¥H¤Îrebut¡]¤Ï»é¡^¥L¤Hªº·N¨£¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡A§@ªÌ³£À³¯d·N¤@¤U¦Û¤v¦³¨S¦³¥Ç¤U¥H¤U¦³ÃöÅÞ¿è¤Wªºfallacy¡]ÂÕ»~¡^¡C§Ú¤µ¤Ñ©M¦P¾Ç¤À¨É¤@ºØ±`¨£ªºÅÞ¿èÂÕ»~¡Afaulty analogy¡]¿ù»~ªºÃþ¤ñ¡^¡C

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²³æ¨Ó»¡¡AÃþ¤ñ¬O¤ñ¸û¨âºØ¤£¦PªºªF¦è¡A¥H¥YÅã¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¬Ûªñ³B¡C¨Ò¦p§A»{¬°¬F©²À³¸Ó¥[±jºÞ¨î°sºë¡]alcohol¡^ªº³c½æ¡A¬°¤F»¡ªA§O¤H¡A§A¥i«ü¥X°sºë¹ï¤Hªº®`³BµS¦p­»·Ïªº®`³B¡C

µM¦Ó¡A­Õ­Y§A¥Î¤F¤£«ê·íªºÃþ¤ñ¡A¤å³¹µ²½×¤]¦³¥i¯àÅܱo¤£¦X²z¡A¬Æ¦Ü¿ù»~¡G

Progressive taxation¡]²Ö¶iµ|¨î¡^helps redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor and thus benefits society. Robbing¡]·m§T¡^someone does the same, so it benefits society.

§@ªÌ±Nrobbing©Mprogressive taxation§@Ãþ¤ñ¡A«ü¥X¨âªÌ¤@¼Ë¬O§T´IÀÙ³h¡A¦]¦Ó²£¥Í¤@­Ó¯îÂÕªºµ²½×¡G·m§T¦³¯qªÀ·|¡C·íµM³o¬O­Ó¸û¬°extreme¡]·¥ºÝ¡^ªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦A¬Ý¥t¤@­Ó¤ñ¸û¯u¹ê¡]realistic¡^¦ý¦P¼Ë¤£¦X²zªº¨Ò¤l¡G

The fundamental idea of social welfare¡]ªÀ·|ºÖ§Q¡^is that resources of the "haves" can be gathered and then reallocated to the "have nots". Similarly, if we adopt institutional forced organ harvesting¡]±j¨îºK¨ú¾¹©x¦Xªk¤Æ¡^, the organs from "donors" can be gathered and then reallocated to the "have nots". It is in this sense we should adopt forced organ harvesting.

§@ªÌ±Nforced organ harvesting©Msocial welfare§@Ãþ¤ñ¡CÁöµM¨âªÌ¬Ý¦ü¬Û¹³¡A¦ý§@ªÌ§¹¥þÁ׶}°Q½×±j¨îºK¨ú¾¹©xªº¯îÂÕ¤§³B¡A§Y¨S¦³¨ú±o¡u®½ªÌ¡v¦Û¥Ñ©M¦ÛÄ@ªº¦P·N¡]obtaining prior free and voluntary consent from the donors¡^¡C

¦]¦¹¡AÃþ¤ñÁöµM¥i¥Hstrengthen¡]¥[±j¡^½×ÂI¡A¦ý¤£¦X²zªºÃþ¤ñ¥i¥Hundermine¡]ºR·´¡^§Aªº½×ÂI¡C¦P¾Ç¹B¥Î¥¦­Ì®É­n¤À¥~¤p¤ß¡C

Practice

Read the following statement and determine whether the following analogy is reasonable. Explain the problem if it is not.

Drinking alcohol (°s) is like ingesting arsenic (ÏìÁ÷) into your body. Both have been shown to be causally related to death.

Answer

Faulty analogy. The reason is that arsenic is potent poison, while alcohol is not.

¡½Dr. A Chan ­õ¾Ç³Õ¤h¡A­õ¾ÇºÓ¤h¡A­^»yÁ¿®v¡C¼ô±x¤½¶}¦Ò¸Õ¤§¥XÃD¼Ò¦¡»Pµû¤À·Ç«h¡A¥ô±Ð­^»y¡C

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