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■程韻 作者簡介:英國文學碩士,在男校任教英語的女教師,愛好文學和動物。
在剛過去的情人節,街上擠滿一對對熱戀中的戀人,愛意滿瀉。一句霸道的「You are mine, aren't you?」 (你是屬於我的,不是嗎?),就能把伴侶的心完全融化了!其實一句簡單的「You are mine.」就足夠表達心意,為何還要加上「aren't you?」呢?
在英文文法裡,這反問句稱為question tag(問題標記)。在日常生活的溝通中,我們多會用question tag來表達︰
1. 希望得到對方的認同;
2. 期望對方確認自己的想法。
當使用question tag 時,其實心中已經有了既定的想法,作出反問只是想進一步得到對方的認同。例如,「You love me, don't you?」(你愛我的,不是嗎?),當這樣問對方時,代表了自己認為對方是愛的,也希望對方確認並回答「Yes, I do.」(對,我愛你。)。
Usage︰Question tag 的用法很簡單,在positive sentence (正面句子)後用negative question tag (否定問題標記),如 「Sally is in the room, isn't she?」(Sally在房間裡,不是嗎?);相反地,在negative sentence (否定句子)後則用positive question tag (正面問題標記),如「Tom is not interested in joining us for dinner, is he?」 ( John沒有興趣加入我們的晚餐,對嗎?)。運用question tag 最需要留意的,是auxiliary verb(助動詞,如be / will)+ pronoun(代名詞)的小心使用。例如,「The boy is running, isn't he?」(那名男孩在跑步,不是嗎?),negative question tag「isn't he?」如錯用了其他auxiliary verb或pronoun,就會變得文法不通,如「The boy is running, will she? / won't it? hasn't they? 」
另一項值得注意的,就是如何回應question tag,這也是很多second language learners容易犯的錯誤。當別人問:「You are not leaving next week, are you?」(你不是下星期離開的,對嗎?) 如答Yes,即代表下期離開;如答No,則是「No, I am not leaving next week.」回應question tag 時,謹記小心,要不然便會造成溝通障礙了。
以下是不同的Question tag例子,可作參考:
Positive question tag
Issac and Joe won't go out tonight, will they?
Carol doesn't like cats, does she?
Negative question tag
Your cats love snacks, don't they?
Jason came here last week, didn't he?
Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1. Tina didn't like sleeping before, _____________?
2. You fell down just now, _____________?
3. Kate has got a lot of friends, ________________?
4. The laptop is your father's, ____________?
5. We are not seeing each other anymore, ____________?
Answers:
1. did she
2. didn't you
3. hasn't she
4. isn't it?
5. are we?
隔星期五見報
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