■已有48年歷史的南京長江大橋已封閉進行維修。圖為封閉前民眾在大橋南堡上拍照留念。 資料圖片【原文】下文摘錄自香港《文匯報》10月30日報道：
江蘇省（Jiangsu Province）南京市政府（Nanjing municipal government）近日公佈了一份方案，根據方案，南京長江大橋（Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge）於10月28日22時起首次封閉維修（renovation），此次維修改造建設工期歷時27個月。長江大橋封閉期間，行人（pedestrians）、非機動車（non-motorized vehicles）和機動車（motor vehicles）均無法通行。南京市制定了相關的通行方案，方便長江兩岸南京市民的出行。
南京長江大橋於1968年全面建成通車，是中國第一座自行設計（self-designed）、自行研製（self-developed）材料建造的特大型公鐵兩用橋樑，至今已有48年歷史。
按省級文保方案 留住歷史原味
目前大橋公路橋已出現不同程度的病害，例如正橋陶粒輕質混凝土（lightweight aggregate concrete）行車道板（carriageway）大範圍開裂（crack），嚴重影響結構安全及下行鐵路運輸安全；雙曲拱橋（double curvature arch bridge）拱肋（arch rib）的混凝土開裂、剝落（peel）、露筋（exposed tendon）較為嚴重，承載能力（carrying capacity）低於設計要求。
南京市文廣新局文物處負責人介紹，為了保護好大橋的建築風貌和建築特色，本次修繕將按省級（provincial-level）以上文保單位的設計修繕方案，所採取的加固（reinforcement）修繕技術盡可能減少對文物本體的破壞或干擾（disturbance），最大限度保留歷史原物，在完全不能修復的情況下再進行替換（replacement），以保持文物原真性（cultural authenticity），實現耐久性（durability），保障結構安全。
工程耗27個月 大眾拍照留念
此次維修改造建設工期約需27個月，總投資估算10.9億元人民幣。維修方案以保持文物的原貌（appearance）為原則，對於改造過程涉及的橋堡外牆、欄杆等進行檢測（inspection）、評估（assessment），在不改變原外觀的前提下，進行復原性修復（repair of restoration），增加耐久性和結構安全。
得悉大橋將封閉大修後，市民和遊客紛紛趕在大橋封閉之前到此拍照發文留念。
當地市民王先生表示，每天六點半前必須開車或坐公交去上班。每天看大橋路況，最怕堵車（traffic jam）。其實，看到大橋的坑窪路面，還是有點心痛的。
更多的人則選擇在網上發文紀念（commemorate）這次大修，網友（netizen）姚先生發文稱：「自1968年通車以來你在默默地奉獻（devote），滿負荷（overload）地運轉，27個月後，你會舊貌換新顏，會更健康地展現在世界人民的面前！」
Historical bridge first closed for overhaul in Nanjing
【譯文】The Nanjing municipal government of the Jiangsu Province had announced a plan to close the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge for renovation starting from October 28 at 22:00 onwards. The construction period will last for 27 months, during which pedestrians, non-motorized vehicles and motor vehicles are prohibited from entering the highway.
Alternatively, the government had proposed a traffic scheme that helps facilitate local residents' commutation.
The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge had been put into operation since 1968, and was China's first self-designed, large-scale road-rail truss bridge constructed with self-developed building materials.It is 48 years old.
Provincial-level plan retains history
The bridge has been detected with certain degrees of damage. Large-scale cracking has appeared on the lightweight aggregate concrete carriageway, which seriously affects the safety of both the structure and the railway transportation of the lower deck. The concrete in the arch ribs of the double curvature arch bridge has been cracked, peeled off and found with exposed tendons, to the extent that the carrying capacity has fallen far below the required standard.
An official of the governmental department responsible for protection of cultural relics said that with the aim to preserve the architectural styles and features, a provincial-level renovation plan developed by the cultural protection bureau would be adopted; the repair and reinforcement technology used could reduce the damage and disturbance to the bridge as much as possible, hoping to retain the building's historical character; and replacement would be conducted only if repair was no longer workable, to guarantee cultural authenticity, the building's durability and structural safety.
Completion will take 27 months
The maintenance and reconstruction will take 27 months for completion and involve a total investment of roughly RMB 1.09 billion. Keeping the original appearance of the bridge would take priority over whatever repair work to be carried out. Under this principle, there would be inspection, assessment and repair of restoration for the walls and railings to strengthen durability and structural safety.
Knowing that the bridge would be closed for 27 months for renovation, local citizens and tourists rushed in to take photos before the closure.
Local resident Mr. Wong said that he would drive or take a bus to work before half past six in the morning every day, and he found traffic jam on the bridge the most frustrating. Anyway, he felt upset seeing the carriageway pitted with holes.
Many people have posted online to commemorate the renovation. Netizen Mr. Yiu said, "You have been devoting and overloading yourself to serve the public since the opening in 1968, but 27 months later, you will be fundamentally refreshed and glittering with a more healthy and brand-new look!"■龐嘉儀
Questions
1. 南京長江大橋的正橋全長多少米？
2. 大橋的大橋頭堡上有何設計特色？
3. 小橋頭堡上又有何設計特色？
4. 大橋兩旁的人行道設有150對什麼形狀的路燈？
5. 除了南京長江大橋，中國還有哪兩座著名的跨越長江幹流的大橋？
Answer
1. 1,576米
2. 鋼製的「三面紅旗」
3. 「工農兵學商」混凝土群雕
4. 白玉蘭花型路燈
5. 武漢長江大橋（Wuhan Yangtze Great Bridge）、重慶白沙沱長江大橋（Baishatuo Yangtze River Railway Bridge）