º¥Ñªk°ê¤ý¶}µo 1875¦~©w¸q¡u¤@¥ß¤è¤À¦Ì¤ô½è¶q¡v
ªk°ê°ê¤ý¸ô©ö¤Q¤»t³d¶}µo·sªº´ú¶q¨t²Î¡A¬°¡u¤Q¶i¨î«×¨t²Î¡v¤Î¨ä«áªº°ê»Ú³æ¦ì¨î¡]The International System of Units¡ASI¡^³þ©w¤F°ò¦¡A¥L©e°U¬ì¾Ç®a³Ð³y½è¶q³æ¦ì¡AºÙ¬°grave¡C¬ì¾Ç®a§â¤@Ógrave©w¸q¬°¤@¤½¤Éªº¯Â¤ô¦b¦BÂIªº½è¶q¡A¦P®É¥ç§â¤d¤À¤§¤@grave¤Î¤@¤dgrave¤À§OºÙ¬°gravet¤Îbar¡C
ªk°ê¤j²©R«á¡A·sªº¦@©M¬F©²±Ä¥Î¤½¨î¨Ã¨M©w¥H¡u§J¡v¡]gram¡^¬°½è¶q³æ¦ì¡A¥H¨ú¥Ngravet¡Bgrave¤Îbar¡A¦Ó¤@§J¬Ûµ¥©ó¤@gravet¡C
µM¦Ó¡A¥H¯Â¤ô»s¦¨ªº¤@§J»s§@¼Ð·ÇÃø¥H«Ø¥ß¤Î¨Ï¥Î¡A¦]¬°¤ôªº±K«×·|¦b¤£¦P·Å«×§ïÅÜ¡A¦pªG§â¤ô¥Ñ¹s«×¤É¦Ü4«×¡A¤ôªº±K«×·|³Ì°ª¡A¦ý¤ôªº½è¶q·|¼W¥[0.01%¡C¨ì1799¦~¡Aªk°ê¬F©²¨M©w¥H4«×ªº¤ô¬°¼Ð·Ç¡A¨Ã¥H¹`ª÷»s¦¨³oÓ«¶qªº¼Ò«¬¡AºÙ¬°Kilogramme des Archives¡A¨Ã¦s©ñ©óArchives of Paris¡]¤Ú¾¤ÀÉ®×À]¡^¡C
°ê»Ú¤½¤ç쫬¿n¹Ð½è¶qÅܻݲM²z
¨ì1875¦~¡Aªk°ê¬F©²§ï¥H¤@¥ß¤è¤À¦Ì¤ôªº½è¶q§@¬°¤d§Jªº©w¸q¡A¤@¥ß¤è¤À¦Ì§Y10cm¼10cm¼10cmªº¤j¤p¡A³o½è¶q°ò¥»¤W´N¬O§Ú̦b¤p¾Ç®É©Ò¾Ç²ßªº³æ¦ì¡C¦]¬°·í®Éªº©w¸q¿ï¥Î¤d§J¦Ó«D§J¡A¬G¦¹¤µ¤é¦b7Ó°ê»Ú³æ¦ì»Ú SI°ò¥»³æ¦ì¤¤¡A¤d§J¡]kilogram¡Akg¡^¬O°ß¤@¤@Ó¦b³æ¤¸¦WºÙgram«e¥[¤J¤Q¶i¨î¿¼Æ¦rº¡]prefix¡^kilo-kilo¬O¡u¤@¤d¡vªº·N«ä¡C
¨CÓñ¸p°ê»Ú¤½¬ùªº°ê®a³£·|¦¬¨ì¤@¥÷©Î¦h¥÷°ê»Ú¤½¤ç쫬¡]International Prototype of the Kilogram¡AIPK¡^§@¬°°ê»Ú¼Ð·Ç¡C³o°ê»Ú¤½¤ç쫬¬°¶ê¬W§Î¡Aª½®|©M°ª«×¬ù¬°39mm¡A¥Ñ90¢H¹`¡]Platinum¡^©M10¢Häv¡]Iridium¡^ªº¦Xª÷¡]alloy¡^»s¦¨¡C
¦Û1889¦~¥H¨Ó¡A°ê»Ú¤½¤ç쫬¤@ª½«O¦s¦b°ê»Ú«×¶q¿Å§½¡]BIPM¡^¡C
ÁöµM°ê»Ú¤½¤ç쫬¡]IPK¡^¥H90¢H¹`©M10¢Hävªº§Ü®ñ¤Æ¦Xª÷»s¦¨¡A¥i¬OªÅ®ð¤¤ªº·L¹Ð¤´µM°ï¿n¦bª÷ÄÝªí±¤W¡A¥O¥¦ªº½è¶qÀH®É¶¡¦ÓÅܤơC
¦b¹L¥h¤@Ó¥@¬ö¡A¬Û¹ï©ó쫬ªº½è¶q¡A¤j¦h¼Æ°ê»Ú«×¶q¿Å§½ªº©x¤è°Æ¥»¥§¡½è¶q¤W¤É¬ù50·L§J¡]¦Ê¸U¤À¤§¤@§J¡AÁY¼g£gg¡^¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦b«·s®Õ·Ç¡]re-calibration¡^©x¤è°Æ¥»¤§«e¡A¦³¤@®MÄY®æªº²M¬~µ{§Ç²M°£¦Ã¬Vª«¡C
¤p µ²
¤d§JªºÃ©w©Ê¤@ª½¬O¤@ÓÃöÁ䪺°ÝÃD¡A¦]¬°¨äȥΩó½T©w³\¦h¨ä¥Lªº³æ¦ì¡A¨Ò¦p¥¦ª½±µ¼vÅT¤û¹y¡]Newton¡A¤Oªº³æ¦ì¡^¡C¦b¾Ç²ßª«²z¤O¾Ç®É¡A§Ú̧¡·|¾Ç¨ì¤û¹y©w«ß¡A·í¤¤²Ä¤G±øF=ma¡AF¬°¤O¡ANewton¬°³æ¦ì¡Fm¬°½è¶q¡Akg¬°³æ¦ì¡Fa¬°¥[³t«×¡A¬Û«HŪªÌ§¡¦Õ¼ô¯à¸Ô¡C¥¦ªº©w¸q¬O¨C¬í¤º¬°½è¶q1kgªºª«¥óªº³t«×¼W¥[1m/s©Ò»Ýªº¤O¡C
¤û¹y¤S¥Î©ó©w¸qPascal¡]À£¤O³æ¦ì¡^©MJoule¡]¯à¶q©Î¥\ªº³æ¦ì¡^¡A¦ÓJoule«h¥Î©ó©w¸q¹q¬y¤Î¹qÀ£¡A¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¡A¤d§J©M¨ä¥LSI³æ¦ì¬Û³s¡A¤@¤l¿ù¡A«hº¡½L¸¨¯Á¡C¬O¥H¤d§J©w¸qªº·Ç½T©Ê¤Q¤À«n¡C ¡½§d«Tº³³Õ¤h
§@ªÌ²¤¶¡G²¦·~©ó¥[¦{¤j¾Ç¬¥§üÁF¤À®Õ¡]UCLA¡^¡A´¿¥ô±Ð©ó¥[¦{ªº¦{¥ß¤j¾Ç¤Î»´ä¤j¾Ç¡A²{©ó¬¥§üÁFPierce College¤Æ¾Ç¨t¥ô§U²z±Ð±Â¡C
³{¬P´Á¤T¨£³ø