放大圖片
葉劉淑儀 立法會議員
這次我會介紹"both...and..."、"not only...but also..."、"neither...nor..."和"either...or..."。這種連詞成對出現,表示並列關係,看似簡單,但圍繞這些連詞的錯誤卻十分常見。
英語的「我」 放在and後面
以"both...and..."為例,怎樣把「我和母親都到泰國去」翻譯成英文呢?很多人受到中文的影響,會說:"Both I and my mother went to Thailand."。其實,英語中「我和……」的「我」必定放在and後面,因此,正確的說法為:"Both my mother and I went to Thailand."。
若去泰國的不僅有母親,還有姐姐,可以這樣說:"Not only my mother but also my sister went to Thailand."。若我的母親和姐姐都沒有到泰國,則可以說:"Neither my mother nor my sister went to Thailand."。
另一組常見的連詞是"either...or..."。例如:
Either my mother or my sister will visit my grandmother.(母親或者姐姐會去看望外婆。)
使用連詞 三點要訣
使用這些連詞時須注意幾點:
1. 以"both...and..."連接兩個主語的句子,必用複數動詞:"Both my mother and my sister are here."(母親和姐姐都在這裡)。然而, 若使用"not only...but also..."、"neither...nor..."或"either...or...",則要看最後一個主語是單數還是複數。例如:
a. Not only my mother but also my sister is here.(不只母親在這裡,姐姐也在這裡。)
b. Not only my mother but also my grandparents are here. (不只母親在這裡,祖父母也在這裡。)
2. 關聯連詞所連接的詞句必須是文法上對稱的。上述例子均連接兩個主語。另外常見的結構包括:
A. 連接名詞 (賓語):
a. Organizing a by-election will take both time and money. (籌辦補選需要時間和金錢。)
b. I will take either chemistry or physics next semester. (下學期我會修讀化學或物理。)
"Organizing a by-election will both take time and money."及"I will either take chemistry or physics next semester."都犯了結構不對稱的錯誤。
B. 連接形容詞:
This book is neither interesting nor accurate.(這本書既不有趣, 又不準確。)
C. 連接動詞(+名詞/形容詞/副詞等):
I will either go to the library or stay at home. (我或到圖書館,或留在家裡。)
3. "Not only...but also..."、"neither...nor..."和"either...or..."可以用來連接句子。例如:
a. Either Peter will behave himself or the teacher will punish him.(要麼彼得規矩一點,要麼老師就會懲罰他。)
b. Not only did James Cameron direct Avatar, but he also wrote the script.(詹士.金馬倫不僅為《阿凡達》執導,也負責編寫劇本。)
用"not only...but also..."連接句子,前一句須為倒裝句,詞序較為特別,因此較易犯錯,務必小心留意。
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