韓Sir 資深英語教師
在這專欄說過 Compound Nouns(複合名詞)和Compound Adjectives (複合形容詞)的組合和用途,這一回跟大家談Compound Verbs(複合動詞)。
因應時態等元素
變成複合動詞
其實,在英語世界內,很多動詞已不是一個字那麼簡單,而是因應時態(tense)、語氣(mood)及語態(voice)利用組合形式,把單字動詞變成複合動詞。見下例:
1. They are reading my article.(他們在看我的文章。)
2. If I were you, I would read more books.(我要是你,我會多看書。)
3.The poems were read aloud by the poet himself.(那詩人親自朗讀那些詩篇。)
句一的"are reading"、句二的"would read"、句三的"were read"都用一個auxiliary verb(助動詞)加一個main verb(主動詞)構成,故稱複合動詞。句一的複合動詞"are reading"在表達現在進行時態(present continuous tense);句二的複合動詞"would read"是虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood)的寫法;而句三的複合動詞"were read"則是常見的被動語氣(passive voice)結構。
所以複合動詞是很普遍的複合字(compound words),大家只不過是見而不知其名稱吧了!不過,複合動詞還有其他不同種類:有的是Preposition+Verb,如oversleep;有的是Adverb+Verb,如download;也有Adjective+Verb,如blacklist;甚至Noun+Verb,如side-track等。
考一考您能否準確組合下列的複合動詞 (每個只用一次):
Preposition/Adverb/Adjective Verb
1. over A. grade
2. under B. freeze
3. up C. haul
4. down D. go
5. white E. wash
6. deep F. root
Key:
1C overhaul (徹底檢修) 2D undergo (經歷) 3F uproot (連根拔起) 4A downgrade (降級) 5E whitewash (粉飾) 6B deep-freeze (迅速冷凍)
還有一種複合動詞,是於一句內用不同動詞來描述同一個主詞(subject)的動作,也可稱為Compound Verbs。看下列例句:
John got up early this morning, freshened himself up, put on his best suit and went out for his first job interview.
句內的"got up"、"freshened up"、"put on"和"went out"都是論述約翰當天早上的行動,合起來可稱為Compound Verbs。有時某些名稱不太重要,最重要的是懂得如何運用得當。
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