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Lina CHU
戰爭或比賽有贏有輸，贏出的時候，可以說勝利（win），亦可以說擊敗（defeat）對手。
We win the football match.
我們勝出這場足球賽。
We defeat our opponents.
我們擊敗了對手。
除了應用在戰爭或比賽，defeat亦可引伸解作令到某些事情失敗。
Many countries are trying their best to defeat terrorism.
許多國家都盡力打擊恐怖主義。
The activity aims at training the children to be independent. Giving them too much help will defeat the purpose of the activity.
這項活動的宗旨是鍛煉兒童自立。給予他們過多幫助，只會破壞活動的宗旨。
Defeat作名詞帶被動含意
Defeat是及物動詞，主語（subject）擊敗、挫敗了對方─賓語（object）。反之，如果說主語輸了，是被打敗的一方，就應該用被動式（passive）。
We lost the championship as we were defeated by our opponents by 3:2 in the final.
我們失落了這項冠軍盃賽，在決賽中以2:3敗給對手。
We believe that people in Japan will not be easily defeated by the disaster and that they will recover very soon.
我們相信日本人民不會輕易給災難打敗，很快便會復元。
雖然defeat作為動詞主動式的時候解作挫敗對手，但由它衍生的字眼，如用作名詞的defeat，或者形容詞defeatist，都有被動的含義（being defeated），與被打敗、失敗有關。
Defeat作為名詞，解作失敗，是victory（勝利）的相反詞。
He finally admitted defeat in the presidential election.
他終於承認在總統選舉中落敗。
He didn't give up even after the heavy defeat in his business.
即使生意遭遇嚴重挫敗，他仍然沒有放棄。
Defeatist形容思想負面
形容詞defeatist更有負面的意思，形容人思想負面，覺得沒有希望，注定會失敗，用作名詞，就是失敗主義者。
If there is a problem, you should solve it. Don't just sit there and adopt a defeatist attitude.
有問題就要解決它。不要坐在那裡抱失敗主義態度。
There are difficulties, but being defeatist can't help.
困難總會有，但是認輸氣餒卻於事無補。
He used to be a pessimist and a defeatist, but now he has changed a lot.
他過去是悲觀主義者和失敗主義者，不過他現在改變了許多。
Defeatism是失敗主義，覺得不會成功。這不是一種應有的態度。凡事都應該積極面對，就可擊敗挫折。
Young people should face and defeat adversities; they should not have the mood of defeatism.
年輕人應面對和戰勝逆境，不應該有失敗主義心理。
■linachu88@netvigator.com
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