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明師語趣:多閱讀識動賓語關係

2016-10-19

學習英語動詞時,老師一般都談及「必須」加上賓語(object)的動詞,如buy(a book)、find (my watch)、repair(his bicycle);或「不需」加上賓語的動詞,如smile、dream、cry、laugh等。除此以外,值得留意的是,英語還有一類是「可加」賓語的動詞;意思是即使不帶賓語,在文法上也是正確的。

為了讓大家了解自己是否認識以上動詞與賓語的關係,筆者在英國國家語料庫(British National Corpus)找了一些句子,稍作修改,看到底哪句必須加上賓語,避免造成文法上的錯誤(grammatically incorrect)吧:

1. The charity's aim is to help local unemployed youngsters find __________________.

2. I'm sure you read ______________every night before going to sleep.

3. A servant is given money every day to buy ______________.

4. I'll drive ______________because I have a licence and I'm really quite good.

5. Someone who has difficulty with spelling will find it hard to use ______________.

6. Tom and David do not take drugs. They do not drink ______________.

7. Exercise is using your body in a way that will promote ___________________.

8. Generally speaking, lazy people only iron ______________ when they are forced to.

非所有動詞都須加賓語

如果認為以上句子的動詞後面都必須加上賓語的話,或許就表示您未能完全了解不同動詞與賓語的關係了。

事實上,以上的例句中,只有單數例句必須加上賓語,清楚說明接受動作的對象:

1. The charity's aim is to help local unemployed youngsters find jobs.

3. A servant is given money every day to buy food.

5. Someone who has difficulty with spelling will find it hard to use a dictionary.

7. Exercise is using your body in a way that will promote health.

相反,在以上雙數例句中,動詞read、drive、drink、iron的後面即使不帶賓語,不論在文法上甚至是意義上也沒有問題。

不過,如果硬要胡亂在上面加上賓語的話,只會更凸顯自己對英語動詞與賓語關係的認識不足,如以下錯誤的例子:

2. I'm sure you read book every night before going to sleep.

4. I'll drive cars because I have a licence and I'm really quite good。

從以上例子可見,英語中動詞與賓語的關係其實並不簡單。我們必須多讀英語讀物,從不同的句子中歸納出正確的用法,最終才能靈活運用英語來表達精準的意思。■李志偉 明愛專上學院人文及語言學院助理教授

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