上次我簡要地和同學們討論了12種英語時態(tenses)。正如我所說,能夠掌握到tenses的形態(forms)非常重要,通常在考試中得分最低的學生,往往是那些無法掌握最簡單tenses的人。
在這些學生中,他們所犯的另一個常見、同樣致命的錯誤,與modal verbs有關。
Modal verbs是一種幫助動詞(helping verbs)。它們不能單獨使用,必須與另一個主要動詞一起使用。常見的modal verbs有:can、could、shall、should、may、might、will、would、must、ought to等等。
「公式」一樣不難運用
Modal verbs不難運用,無論你使用哪種,「公式」是一樣的:Subject + Modal verb + main verb (base form) + (Object)。
1. We could be late for the show.
2. You should read the instructions carefully before you answer the questions.
3. It may rain tomorrow.
4. I will trek in Nepal this fall.
儘管容易運用,我發現不少學生犯下致命的錯誤,如下所示:
1. I can using the programming language Python.
2. You should finished the homework before you go to sleep.
3. Forget about the haters! They will to criticize you, no matter what you do!
簡單地說,modal verbs是用來表示某些事情的可能性、個人的能力(ability),請求許可等等。
以下是一些例子:
Exercise
1. I am thinking about what Johnson said at the meeting. He_____be right.
2. Netizens criticized the first female HK Everest-conqueror for not helping dying climbers. Seriously, I think people who haven't been up there and confronted similar difficulties_____not judge others for not helping.
3. Morris failed the test! Come on, that_____ not be true!
Answers
1. may/might
2. should
3. can
■Dr. A. Chan,哲學博士,哲學碩士,英語講師。熟悉公開考試之出題模式與評分準則,任教英語。