香港人口逐漸老齡化,近來經常聽到這人那人退休了。「退休」英文是 retire。說某某退休了,英文就是:He/She has retired.
這retire一般指自動退休,停止工作,所以是不及物動詞,即是後面沒有賓語(object)。
Be retired 被退休
然而,retire有時可以是及物動詞,後面加上賓語。如果說某些僱主retire someone,即是他們解僱了某人。通常是這人年屆退休年齡,或健康不佳。在這個意義上使用retire,多會用被動式passive,有點像現在的香港話「被退休」:
The company had to be restructured and he was retired at the age of 55.
公司要重組,他在55歲之齡被迫退休。
另一個相似的動詞是pension off,pension原是退休金,可想而知是發放退休金,�茪H退休離職,亦是多會用被動式:
He was pensioned off and replaced with a less experienced young man.
他獲發放退休金,被辭退了。他的位置被一個經驗較淺的年輕人取代。
Put out to grass 「放逐」
亦有較口語化的短語put someone out to grass(放逐到草地),同樣是令人退休離開崗位,通常因為這個人年紀大,工作能力不如前。這用語源於馬匹退役後被放回草地,不再服役,但沒有人飼養,在草地自由過日子。
所以,put out to grass亦比喻人年紀漸大,「被退休」的情形。加點變化,可以說turn someone out to pasture(放到牧場)graze(吃草)。
The company has decided to put the secretary out to grass even though she has not reached retirement age.
公司決定讓那名秘書退休,雖然她仍未到達退休年齡。
I heard that she will be turned out to pasture next month. She is not too old and so not quite ready for it.
我聽說她下個月就會被公司�茈O退休。她年紀不大,故此沒有作好準備。
Many workers have been put out to grass earlier and earlier as employers often use early retirement to cut cost.
由於僱主常常以提早退休節省成本,很多工人被�茈O退休的年齡越來越早。
The president refused to be turned out to pasture and would try her best to stay.
主席拒絕下野,會盡力保住職位。
被迫退休並不是什麼好事。上面的字句都有點負面意思。如果工作多年,到了退休年齡,退下來過悠閒一點的生活,那就另當別論了。■Lina CHU [ linachu88@gmail.com ]
隔星期三見報