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天氣開始轉冷後,人們的活動量大減。而我在最近的周末,總喜歡留在家中看電影,連做運動也放棄了,增磅是已發生的事。雖然我常常提醒自己,「If the weather is nice, I will go running!」(如果天氣好,我會去跑步)、「If it doesn't rain, I will go cycling tomorrow!」(如果明天沒有下雨,我會去踏單車),可是最後始終提不起勁去動一下!如果......如果......到底Conditional Sentences(條件句)是如何運用呢?
Type 0:條件句主要分為4種,在表達一些事實、必定或經常發生的事,我們會用type 0。例如,「If I put the ice in the sun, it melts.」(如果我把冰放在太陽下,它會融化);「If you burn your hand, it hurts.」(如果你燒自己的手,你會感到痛楚)。冰在太陽下必定會融化,而燒自己的手也一定會感受到痛,這些必然發生的事,我們界定為Type0。
Usage︰運用type 0 時,if-clause(如果句)與main clause(主句)都會用simple present tenses,如剛才的例子If I put......, it melts. If you burn......, it hurts.
Type 1:Type 1條件句,主要表達 what is likely to happen in the future(一些在將來有可能發生的事) 。與Type 0的最大分別,是Type 1只是有可能發生,不是必定的。例如我最近告訴自己的 「If the weather is nice, I will go running. If it doesn't rain, I will go cycling.」 天氣轉好了,雨停了,但我始終沒有去做運動啊!所以,有可能的事不代表一定會發生。
Usage︰運用Type 1,if-clause(如果句)會用simple present tenses,而main clause(主句)則是will / can / may + bare infinitive,如「If I am free next Friday, I will come to see you.」(如果我下星期五有空,(有可能)會來見你。)
以下是不同的例子,可作參考:
Type 0 If you are blind, you do not see anything.
If you expose phosphorus to air, it burns.
Type 1 If I see you, I will run away.
If I do not love you, I will not stay.
■程韻
作者簡介:英國文學碩士,在男校任教英語的女教師,愛好文學和動物。
Exercises
Choose the more appropriate answers.
1. If Janet has enough time, she __________ the movie together. (watches / will watch)
2. If it rains, you _____________ wet without an umbrella. (get / will get)
3. If you cry, it __________ my heart because I care about you. (breaks / will break)
4. I __________ done quickly if you can give me more time. (get it / will get it)
5. We _____________ (are / may be) sick if we feel cold.
Answers
1. will watch
2. get
3. breaks
4. will get it
5. may be sick
隔星期五見報
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