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上次與同學分享了一些寫議論文的基本技巧，今天繼續探討此話題，希望同學進一步掌握方法。上次簡述過3點技巧：應運用polite及tactful的詞彙、point out common ground、acknowledge不同的意見。
今日會介紹另外兩個方法：
1. 若對方的論點合理，不應否定那論點
很多同學覺得如果他們承認辯方論點，就是變相削弱自己的立場。其實不一定。試想想，如果辯方有一個有力的觀點，若你完全不提及，甚至否定它的有效性，只會令讀者覺得你的立場偏頗。所以，最佳的對策就是大方承認對方觀點是合理的。
例如，你不同意同性戀婚姻應立法，但辯方卻有一個十分有力的論點：否定同性戀婚姻是扼殺社會上一部分人的婚姻權利。面對這有力的論點，你不妨承認那觀點的合理性：Granted, refusing to recognize same-sex marriage does deprive the homosexuals of their rights like tax and housing benefits. 然後加以回應：But our society can provide these rights to the homosexual couples through the concept of civil union（民事結合）or domestic partnership（同居）.
反駁前簡述對方論點
2. 反駁別人的論點
反駁是指出對方的弱點。有時候，純粹表述自己的意見是不足夠的，你要把對方的論點加以反駁。要反駁，首先要簡述別人的論點。例如，你的立場是支持same-sex marriage：
Some people think that recognizing the concept of civil union or domestic partnership is enough for the homosexuals because they will be entitled to the same kinds of rights shared by their heterosexual counterparts (簡述別人的論點). However, the homosexual marriage debate is ultimately not just about freedom of choice and people's rights. It is also about whether same-sex relationships can gain social recognition and endorsement (反駁對方的論點). Because of this, I think we should accept same-sex marriage.
Practice
Present both for and against arguments for the following topic.
Should we do away with the Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA)?
Suggested answer
For: We should do away with TSA
．It creates excessive burdens on students.
．It stifles creativity and makes them hate studying.
Against: We should not do away with TSA
．Teachers and parents should teach them to look at it in a positive way.
．Assignments don't stifle creativity directly.
．Some aspects of it are needed to help prepare them for subsequent studies.
■Dr. A Chan 哲學博士，哲學碩士，英語講師。熟悉公開考試之出題模式與評分準則，任教英語。
隔星期三見報
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