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²Ó¨ý­õ¾ÇA-Z¡GJ for Justice


http://paper.wenweipo.com   [2012-11-16]     §Ú­nµû½×

¡@Justice¡A¤¤¤å¥i¥s¡u¥¿¸q¡v¡B¡u¤½¸q¡v¡B¡u¤½¥¿¡vµ¥¡A¥i»¡¬O¹D¼w­õ¾Ç¡]moral philosophy¡^©M¬Fªv­õ¾Ç¡]political philosophy¡^ªº®Ö¤ß·§©À¡C¬f©Ô¹Ï¡]Plato¡^¦b¥L³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¹ï¸Ü¿ý¡m²z·Q°ê¡n¡]The Republic¡^¤¤¡A«K¥Îjusticeªº§Æþ¦r·½dike²[»\­Ó¤H­ÝªÀ·|³o¨â­Ó¼h­±ªº¥¿¸q¡B¤½¥¿¡Cªñ¦~«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç±Ð±Â®á¼wº¸¡]Michael J Sandel¡^ªº½Òµ{Justice¤j¨üÅwªï¡A¨Ã¥Xª©¦P¦W±M®Ñ¡A¥xÆW¤¤Ä¶§@¡m¥¿¸q¡n¡A¤º¦a«h¥s¡m¤½¥¿¡n¡A±´°Qªº¥D­n¬OªÀ·|¬Fªv°ÝÃD¡A¦ý¤]¯A¤Î­Ó¤H¹D¼w§à¾Ü¡C

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¡@¨s³º¬Æ»ò¬Ojustice©O¡H²³æÂI»¡¡A¬Oeach getting what he or she is due¡A§Y¡u¨C­Ó¤H¡]¥H¦Ü¥Íª«¡B²Õ´¡^³£±o¨ì¥L©ÒÀ³±oªº¡v¡C¥Î©óªÀ·|¬Fªv¼h­±¡Ajustice«h¨ãÅé«üequitable distribution of goods and evils in a social institution, including the moral sanctions of reward and punishment¡A§Y¡u¦n»PÃa¦b¤@­ÓªÀ·|¨î«×¤¤¦p¦ó¤½¥­¤À°t¡A¥]¬A½à»P»@ªº¹D¼w¨îµô¡v¡C

¡@­ì¨Ójustice¥i¥H¤À¬°«Ü¦hºØÃþ¡A¤µ¤Ñ§Ú­Ì½Í¤@¨Ç¡G

¡Ddistributive justice¡]¤À°t¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@distributions of economic benefits and burdens across members of the society¡]§âªÀ·|ªº¸gÀÙ§Q¯q»P­t¾á¡A¤À°tµ¹¨C¤@­Ó¦¨­û¡^¡F

¡Dretributive justice¡]³øÀ³¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@when and why punishment is justified¡]Ãg»@¦b¦ó®É©M¬°¦ó¬O¥¿·íªº¡^¡F

¡Dformal justice¡]§Î¦¡¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@the impartial and consistent application of principles¡]µL¨p¨Ã¤@³e¦a±Ä¥Î­ì«h¡^¡A¦ý¤£²z·|­ì«h¥»¨­¬O§_¥¿¸q¡F

¡Dsubstantive justice¡]¹ê½è¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@§Y¥¿¸q­ì«hªº¹ê½è¡]substance¡^¡A¥D­nÃö¥G¨C­Ó¤HÀ³·í¦³¦óÅv§Q»P¸q°È¡F

¡Dprocedural justice¡]µ{§Ç¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@§Y´ä¤H±`»¡ªº¡uµ{§Ç¤½¸q¡v¡A«üfairness in the processes that resolves disputes and allocates resources¡]¸Ñ¨MªÈ¯É»P¤À°t¸ê·½ªºµ{§Ç¬O§_¤½¥­¡^¡F

¡Dintergenerational justice¡]¥N»Ú¥¿¸q¡^¡G

¡@justice as applied to relations between non-contemporaries¡]«D¦P®É¥N¤H¤§¶¡ªº¥¿¸q¡^¡C

¡@¤£Ãø·Q¹³¡Ajustice¦bªk«ß¤W¤]¬O¤@­Ó­«¤j½ÒÃD¡A¦Ó¹D¼w¡B¬Fªv¡Bªk«ß¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y§ó¬O¤dµ·¸UÁ\¤F¡C¡@¡½§E ¥\

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ªÀµûÂù»y¹D¡G¡u¸¨­«ÃÄ¡vÀ£ª£­· ¨¾¼Ó¥«ªwªj­·ÀI (2012-11-16) (¹Ï)
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²Ó¨ý­õ¾ÇA-Z¡GJ for Justice (2012-11-16)
§j¤ô¦P¾Ç·|¡G¦è¤è¤j°g«H ºN¤ì¦³¹B¦æ (2012-11-16) (¹Ï)
¤¤¤åµø³¥¡G¤å¥»¤§¥~ ·tÂðT®§ (2012-11-16)
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What's Up?¡G³s¥ô¬ü°êÁ`²Î ¶ø¤Ú°¨¡u¦h°µ4¦~¡v (2012-11-14) (¹Ï)
ÃM©O¹C¾Ç¹Î¡GAn Uncommon Common Room (2012-11-14) (¹Ï)
­^»y¥@¬É¡GThrifty or Stingyºë¥´²ÓºâÁÙ¬O¤@¤ò¤£©Þ (2012-11-14)
«ä«ä®v»y¡Gª¾¤vª¾©¼ ¦³§U·¾³q (2012-11-14)
­^»yµ§Äæ¡Gµu»y°Êµü ¤dÅܸU¤Æ (2012-11-14)
µe·NªÅ¶¡¡G¯u¬O¥O¤HÅåÆAªººt¥X (2012-11-14) (¹Ï)
ªÀµûÂù»y¹D¡GªøªÌ§Q¯q¬°¥ý ºÉ§Ö­«·s¼fij (2012-11-09) (¹Ï)
²Ó¨ý­õ¾ÇA-Z¡GI for Informal Fallacies (2012-11-09)
§j¤ô¦P¾Ç·|¡G±B«e¬£¹ï «Å¥¬³ß°T (2012-11-09) (¹Ï)
¤¤¤åµø³¥¡G°l·¹¡m¸Ö¡n¤T¦Ê ½Í¥j¤µ¤ñ³ë (2012-11-09)
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What's Up?¡GÁü­·¡u®á­}¡vŧ¬ü 810¸U¤á°±¹q (2012-11-07) (¹Ï)
ÃM©O¹C¾Ç¹Î¡G¦P«°¥´ým¾Ô ¾ÖÄ»ª§¾W¿E (2012-11-07)
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