民生經常都是大眾的討論焦點、熱門話題。這期,筆者便和大家討論一個與民生有關的課題: bread and butter。
就字面的解釋,bread and butter是麵包和牛油,西方人的主食。塗上牛油的麵包,通常都當成一個個體,作單數用。
I often have tea, bread and butter and a boiled egg for breakfast.
我早餐通常都會喝茶,吃牛油麵包和煮蛋。
Bread and butter is served at all times in the restaurant.
餐廳任何時間都有牛油麵包供應。
變生活元素 指收入來源
因為牛油麵包是主食,由此引申一個寓意。Bread and butter一語,變成了生活的主要元素,意義上等同一切用度開支,可以解作基本生活所需、主要的收入、支撐生活的重要入息,或者提供穩定收入的來源。
He can't afford to lose his job in the bank. It is his bread and butter.
他不能失去銀行的工作。這是他的主要入息來源。
We have to treat our customers more nicely; they are our bread and butter.
我們必須加倍善待客人。他們是我們收入的來源。
At present, he earns his bread and butter by writing computer programs.
目前,他靠編寫電腦程式維持生計。
與民生相關 關乎多數人
此外,bread and butter 亦可以變成形容詞 bread-and-butter使用,形容一些滿足生活所需的東西或工作。
To him, the job is bread-and-butter work. It is not very interesting, but it provides the money he needs.
對他來說,這是一份維持生計的工作。工作雖很乏味,但是能賺得他需要的金錢入息。
Tourism has become a bread-and-butter industry in the city. It is the major source of income.
旅遊業已變成這個城市的支柱行業,是主要的收入來源。
再引申開去,bread-and-butter可比喻某些事物與民生、人民基本需要息息相關,表示這些事物關乎大多數人,是根本問題,事關重要。
Food safety is definitely a bread-and-butter issue. It relates to everyone's everyday life.
食品安全肯定是切身重要的問題,與每個人的日常生活都有關。
Other than housing, the government needs to deal with many other bread-and-butter political issues.
在房屋問題以外,政府須處理其他多個關乎民生的重要政治事項。
Is there enough money to carry out the plans? This is the bread-and-butter question we have to ask.
是否有充足資金進行這個計劃?這是我們必須問的根本問題。
牛油麵包也好,米飯也好,都是象徵維持生計的必需品,是基本所需,這就是短語bread and butter 所要表達的意思。■Lina CHU
[ linachu88@netvigator.com ]
逢星期三見報
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