放大圖片
■Bee Gees經典歌曲《First of May》的歌詞就用了過去式描述過去的事。 資料圖片
之前提到,英文的tenses(時式)運用是其中一個令second language learners(第二語言學習者)感到困惑的地方。所以,上期先介紹了最簡單的tenses - the present(現在)的不同usage(用法),而今期的重點則是the past(過去)。
Simple past tense(過去式):在英文文法裡,我們會用simple past tense表達過去(the past)曾發生的事。而且,時間是明確的(at a definite time)。例如,a year ago(一年前)、in 2014(在2014年)、yesterday(昨天)、before the holiday(假期前)等。樂隊組合Bee Gees 有一首經典歌曲《First of May》,就運用了simple past tense 來描述過去的事:「When I was small, and Christmas trees were tall.」(當我還小時,聖誕樹顯得很高)「We used to love while others used to play.」(當其他人在嬉戲玩耍時,我們已開始相愛了)歌詞中的past tenses表達了小時候發生的事,而愛情故事的主人翁現在已成長了:「Now we are tall, and Christmas trees are small.」(現在我們長大了,聖誕樹卻顯得小了)。
Usage︰運用simple past tense 時,regular verb(常規動詞)主要加 ed,例如watch(觀看)的過去式為watched;而Irregular Verb(不常規動詞)則要參考irregular verb table(不常規動詞表)。Verb to be 的過去式是was/were。
Past continuous tense (過去進行式):過去進行式主要的功用是表達an action that was in progress in the past(過去的時間裡,在進行的事),而時間也是明確的(definite time)。而另一個用法,就是當一件事發生的同時,另一件事也在發生(when something else happened)。例如,When you called me, I was sleeping.(當你致電給我時,我在睡覺)致電和睡覺兩個action(動作)是同時發生的。
Usage︰運用past continuous tense,是be(was/were)+動詞-ing。
以下是不同描述過去的時式,可作參考:
Simple past tense
1. I visited my granny yesterday. (regular verb: visit-visited)
2. I saw my granny yesterday.(irregular verb: see-saw)
Past continuous tense
1. I was sleeping at 5am in the morning.(an action that was in progress)
2. I was sleeping when you called me.(when something else happened)
■程韻
作者簡介:英國文學碩士,在男校任教英語的女教師,愛好文學和動物。
Exercises
Choose the correct answers.
1. When I ___________ (were shopping / was shopping) at Times Square, I ____________ (meet / met) Jason.
2. Yesterday I __________________ Mount Everest. (watched / had watched)
3. It __________ heavily just now! I didn't have an umbrella. (rained / was raining)
4. Jasmine ___________ (was forgetting / forgot) to bring her purse. I ________ (have to / had to) pay for her.
5. "It ________ (sounds / sounded) great!", she ________ (says / said).
Answers:
1. was shopping, met
2. watched
3. was raining
4. forgot, had to
5. sounds, said
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