放大圖片
■若要把婚禮推遲,通知朋友時就可用put off一詞。 資料圖片
在英語運用中,除了Verbs(動詞)外,我們也較常使用Phrasal Verbs(短語動詞)來描述動作,如:"He just threw up!"(他剛嘔吐)。有別於一般動詞,Phrasal Verbs 由多於一個字組成,例如︰
1. verb + adverb particle;
2. verb + preposition;
3. verb + adverb particle + preposition。
不同組合表達不同意思,大部分情況也很難從字面把意思估出來的。就是這個原因,令有些second language learners,甚至語文老師都認為,要正確使用Phrasal Verbs,就應該把它們硬背下來。其實只要多聽、多說和多用,在日常生活中活學活用,才是最有效的學習方法。
1. Break
"Break"解作打破/破壞,如"I accidentally broke the vase."(我不小心把花瓶打破了。)當break 加上其他字時,便會組成完全不同的意思。
Break down(停止運作)︰"My car broke down in the rainstorm."(我的汽車在暴風雨中壞了);
Break into(破門而入)︰"The police broke into our house to rescue our dog."(警察破門而入,拯救了我們的狗);
Break up (結束關係): "We broke up last summer."(我們在上個夏天分手了);
Break out(逃離)︰"The prisoners broke out of jail."(監獄的犯人逃走了。)
2. Put
另一個較常見的是put,意指安置/記下,如"I will put it in my room."(我會把它安置到房間裡)。以put所組成的Phrasal Verbs,包括︰
Put up with(忍耐): "I cannot put up with your bad temper anymore."(我不能再忍受你的壞脾氣);
Put off(延遲): "We decided to put off our wedding because of the financial burden."(因為財政出現困難,我們決定延遲婚禮);
Put down(放下/侮辱)︰當談及把物件放下,是"Please put the box down on the floor." (請把箱子放到地上),這是我們常用的。如用在人上,意指奚落,如"They put me down because of my appearance."(他們常因我的外表奚落我。)
下期,我將會再多介紹不同Phrasal Verbs的用法。記得多聽、多用,才能把Phrasal Verbs靈活運用在日常的溝通中。■程韻
作者簡介:英國文學碩士,在男校任教英語的女教師,愛好文學和動物。
以下是不同組合的Phrasal Verbs,可作參考:
Break
1. break down
2. break into
3. break out
4. break up
Put
1. put up with
2. put off
3. put down
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the best answers.
1. Don't worry! We will break ____________ your house to save you.
2. She can't put ______________ me anymore. She left.
3. Is the metal box heavy? Put it ______.
4. Can we put _____ our meeting? I'm not available next Monday.
5. Don't try to break ______. You will never be able to leave here.
Answers:
1. into
2. up with
3. down
4. off
5. out
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