放大圖片
■當人類看見鬼魂,多會感到驚訝或恐慌。資料圖片
Lina CHU
上次談到英文一種修辭技巧simile(明喻),即把所要描述的事物比喻作另一種事物,靈活地彰顯所描述事物的特性。英文有很多常用的明喻,下面是另一個有趣的例子:
What has happened to you? You looked as though you have seen a ghost.
你怎麼啦?你看起來好像見到鬼一樣。
He lied about his whereabouts, so he looked like he had seen a ghost when he saw his wife.
對於自己去了哪裡,他說了謊,所以見到太太時,他像是見鬼一樣。
「look like/look as though/look as if someone has seen a ghost」,表示某人很驚訝、恐慌,猶如見到鬼魅一般。
Ghost是一個很常見的名詞,指人死後的靈魂,很多人感興趣的鬼故事稱為ghost story。
Nobody has ever seen a ghost there but people say that the ghosts of the dead still haunt the house.
從來沒有人在那裡見過鬼魂,可是人人都說死者的亡靈依然留在這屋子裡。
作形容詞可指荒蕪或廢棄
Ghost引伸作為形容詞用,可以解作荒蕪的、廢棄的,有如:
鬼船、無人的船是ghost ship、死城可叫做ghost town、荒宅稱為ghost house。
其實ghost除了解鬼魂之外,亦可引伸解作某些人或事留下的記憶或影響力,但多指不太好的人或事。例如:
The ghost of the revolution still affects many people's mind today.
革命的幽魂今天仍在影響許多人的心態。
The merciless director has stepped down but it seems that his ghost still lingers in the company.
那個不仁董事已經下台,但似乎他的陰魂仍在公司內不散,仍有影響力。
作動詞指幕後代筆
另一個比較特別的用法是把ghost作為動詞用,並不與鬼魅有關,而是幕後代筆的意思,亦可寫作ghost-write。早前有一齣電影名為ghost-writer,就是說一個幕後代筆的人。
He was asked to ghost-write the autobiography of the president.
他被邀為總統幕後撰寫自傳。
The speech of the director was ghosted.
那名董事的演講辭是別人代筆的。
但不論是鬼魅、幽魂或幕後槍手代寫,似乎ghost都帶有看似神秘,虛無的意思。 ■linachu88@netvigator.com
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