余 功
與人相識,第一印象(first impression)未必是成敗關鍵,但良好的第一印象有時不無益處;這點同樣適用於文學作品。有些作品不但膾炙人口,全篇首句更幾乎街知巷聞。標題中的半句便是如此,整個句子是這樣的:It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife(一個單身男子,坐擁萬貫家財,自然欲求妻室,此道理普世公認)。各位猜到這出自哪本P字首的著名小說嗎?
答案是《傲慢與偏見》(Pride and Prejudice),作者是英國女小說家奧斯汀(Jane Austen, 1775-1817)。2003年,英國廣播公司(British Broadcasting Corporation, BBC)邀請國民投票選出最喜愛小說,名為「The Big Read」,結果選出一百本作品,Pride and Prejudice不但入選,還高踞第二位。(榮登榜首是何方佳作,請各位自行尋找吧。)
小說主題談求愛與婚姻
Jane Austen所處的社會,女性地位低微;若要出人頭地,無法如男性般在軍隊、教會等領域幹一番事業,而只能依靠金錢,方法幾乎就只有釣個金龜婿。因此,她在生時只以筆名示人,而作品多與婚姻和愛情有關。《傲慢與偏見》開宗明義談婚姻,全書第二句更抵死幽默地道出眾父母渴望女兒釣金龜的心:However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters(這樣的男子,只要遷進某地,他的性情如何,見解怎樣,即使鄰舍所知甚少,但這道理根深柢固,故他們已認定,他理應成為某家女兒的財產)。
「驕傲」比「傲慢」更貼切
本書故事有多條愛情線,但主角中的主角始終是Elizabeth Bennet與Mr. Darcy。他們的感情發展複雜,主因便是書名的兩大要素:pride和prejudice。首字pride在中文書名中的通譯是「傲慢」,但其實它更好說是「驕傲」,因為「驕傲」較中性,不一定好,亦不一定壞--這正是書中的含義,而「傲慢」必含貶義。以下一段,正好闡釋了pride的真義:"His pride," said Miss Lucas, "does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, everything in his favour, should think highly of himself. If I may so express it, he has a right to be proud."(「他驕傲,」Lucas小姐說,「但與一般人相比,沒那麼令我反感,皆因有其理由。如斯優秀男子,名門之後,大富大貴,萬事順心,理當自視很高,不足為奇。容我說,他有權驕傲。」)Elizabeth接著這樣回答:"That is very true," replied Elizabeth, "and I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine."(「說得很對,」Elizabeth答道,「而假若他沒有羞辱我的驕傲,我不難諒解他的驕傲。」)
至於書中如何談論prejudice,便留待各位自行體會了。
|