放大圖片
■Catch-22小說中,第22條軍規訂明,凡是想逃脫作戰任務的人,絕對不會是真正神志失常。圖為美軍進行作戰任務。 資料圖片
余 功
一本書的名字,居然可以成為日常用語,這項成就本身已十分了不起。今天的C字首小說便是這樣。各位可猜到它的名字嗎?不錯,就是Catch-22(《第二十二條軍規》),作者是美國諷刺小說家海勒(Joseph Heller,1923-1999)。
名詞catch可解作圈套、暗藏的困難,在書中也是軍中規條的戲稱。現時,catch-22解作進退維谷、無法擺脫的困境,例如:You can't get a job without experience, but you can't get experience unless you have a job - it's (a) catch-22(沒經驗便找不到工作,但除非有工作,否則不可能有經驗-這困境無法擺脫)。此句清晰表達了catch-22的意思。
妙絕軍規 打擊逃兵
小說中的Catch-22,原來的意思也相若。話說軍隊飛行員Orr(奧爾)希望以神志失常為理由,申請停止飛行。主角Yossarian(約塞連)與Doc Daneeka(丹尼卡醫生)便討論這個問題,首先說話的是Yossarian。
"You mean there's a catch?"(「你是說這其中有個圈套?」)
"Sure there's a catch," Doc Daneeka replied. "Catch-22. Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy."(「當然有個圈套,」丹尼卡醫生答道。「第22條軍規。凡是想逃脫作戰任務的人,絕對不會是真正神志失常。」)
申請停飛 神志必清
作者再詳細一點解釋當中的邏輯。
There was only one catch and that was Catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind(這其中只有一個圈套,那便是第22條軍規。軍規規定,面對迫在眉睫、實實在在的危險時,關心自身安危是大腦的理性活動過程)。
最重要的一點是:Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions(奧爾神志失常,應當可以獲准停止飛行。他只需做的就是提出要求;但他一旦提出要求,他便不再是神志失常,因而必須繼續執行飛行任務)。
簡單直接 完美圈套
Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of Catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle(約塞連覺得,第22條軍規這一條款實在再簡潔不過,因而深受感動,於是肅然地吹了聲口哨)。
"That's some catch, that Catch-22," he observed(「這第22條軍規,實在是個了不起的圈套,」他評論道)。
"It's the best there is," Doc Daneeka agreed(「絕妙無比,」丹尼卡醫生表示贊同)。
若想讀一本十分著名的現代諷刺佳作,便請不要錯過此小說。
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