在日常生活中,我們有時要以發問獲得資訊,因此運用問句十分普遍。如:What is your name? Are you Dr. Lee?
那麼,你對英語問句懂得多少呢?筆者試列出其句型的主要分類及容易犯錯的例子,供大家參考。
直述問句語調上升
1. 是否問句
這類問句的回答一般是只有兩種答案:「是」或「否」,當然也可以說「不知道」:
Was Peter late?
Yes, he was./No, he wasn't./ I don't know.
2. 附加問句
這類問句一般會加在句末,用作確認或同意,在中文也有類近的問句形式:
It is your book, isn't it?
這是你的書,對不對?
You are not a doctor, are you?
你不是醫生,對不對?
3. 直述問句
這類問句基本結構是陳述式的,但以「上升」語調作發問:
He is wearing glasses?
4. 回聲問句
這類問句是重複前句子某部分,故稱為回聲問句:
Take a look at this!
Take a look at what?
5. 訊息問句
這類問句是最常用的,一般以wh-疑問詞(who、what、which、where等)開始問題:
Where is Mary?
Mary is in the library.
瑪利在哪裡?
瑪利在圖書館。
代名疑問詞語序易錯
在訊息問句中,我們一般會把wh-疑問詞放在句首,這稱為wh-movement,並將動詞is放在名詞Mary前面,而中文句所問的跟答案是原位不變(in-situ)(見上例劃底線處)。
在運用問句的時候,大家常犯錯誤一般都是在代名詞、疑問詞及語序等方面:
You are my good friend, isn't it?
(代名詞錯誤,正確為:You are my good friend, aren't you?)
He is your cousin, isn't it?
(代名詞錯誤,正確為:He is your cousin, isn't he?)
Which is your favourite colour?
(疑問詞錯誤,正確為:Which is your favourite colour, red or blue?)
Why you are late?
(語序錯誤,正確為:Why are you late?)
從「學問」一詞,我們就知道學習離不開發問。若能適當地運用各種英語問句,我們除了可以更有效地尋求答案外,也可以增強自己的表達能力。■李志偉 明愛專上學院人文及語言學院助理教授
隔星期三見報