余 功
美國電影界編導演大師活地阿倫(Woody Allen,1935-),最近上映了一齣幽默的懷舊電影《情迷午夜巴黎》(Midnight in Paris),把觀眾帶回上世紀20年代的花都,當中出現了幾位鼎鼎大名的作家,包括美國小說家費茲傑羅(F Scott Fitzgerald,1896-1940)。
今天介紹的名著便由他所寫,故事背景同樣是上世紀20年代,不過地點是紐約。這部被譽為「美國小說」的代表作叫《大亨小傳》(The Great Gatsby,另譯《了不起的蓋茨比》)。
描畫美國夢 寫道德淪亡
上世紀20年代給讚頌為「興旺的20年代」(the roaring twenties),也叫作「爵士時代」(Jazz Age)。這本小說不單談美國夢(the American Dream),也描畫和批判當時的物質主義(materialism)和道德淪亡(immorality),透過男主角蓋茨比(Jay Gatsby)的奢華生活與悲劇結局表露無遺。開首的三兩小段很著名,也很有教育意義:
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since(我年紀還輕、閱歷不深的時候,我爸爸教導過我一番話,我一直念念不忘)。/"Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone," he told me, "just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had."(他對我說:「每當你想要批評任何人,就記住世界上不是每個人都擁有你的優越條件。」)/He didn't say any more but we've always been unusually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood that he meant a great deal more than that(他沒再說別的,但我們一向寡言少語,心靈卻異常相通,而我明白他的話大有弦外之音)。
作品半自述 結局俱淒涼
下文描述本書的敘述者Nick如何評論一對當時的典型夫婦:
I couldn't forgive him or like him but I saw that what he had done was, to him, entirely justified. It was all very careless and confused. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy - they smashed up things ... and let other people clean up the mess they had made(我無法寬恕他或喜歡他,但我看到對他來說,他的所作所為全都合情合理。一切都粗心大意,混亂不堪。他們是粗心大意的人,湯姆和黛西--他們搞垮東西……然後讓別人去收拾他們的爛攤子)。
Gatsby可視為Fitzgerald的半自述,二人的生命與死因都是令人歎息的。
逢周五見報
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