Metaphysics¡A¤¤¤å¥s¡u§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡v¡A¤]¥s¡u§Î¤W¾Ç¡v¡A¬O¶Ç²Îõ¾Ç¤@Ó·¥«n¥B·¥Ãe¤jªº¤À¤ä¡A°Q½×ªº½ÒÃD¬O¤U¦C¨âÓ°ÝÃDªº³Ì¼s¸q¡G1. What is there¡]¥@¬É¤W¦³¨Ç¬Æ»ò¡^¡H2. What is it like¡]¥¦Ì¬O«ç»ò¼Ëªº¡^¡H
¦ó¿×Metaphysics¡u§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡v
Metaphysics¤@¦r¬O¬Æ»ò·N«ä©O¡H¥j§Æþ¤jõ¨È¨½¤h¦h¼w¡]Aristotle¡^§â³oÃþ°ÝÃD¥s§@first philosophy¡]²Ä¤@õ¾Ç¡^¡A¦Ó·í«á¤H§â¥L½d³ò¼sªxªºµÛ§@¤ÀÃþ®É¡A襩§â¡u²Ä¤@õ¾Ç¡v©ñ¦bphysics¡]ª«²z¾Ç¡^¤§«á¡A¦Ó¦r®Úmeta-§t¦³¡u¤§«á¡vªº·N«ä¡A©ó¬O«á¨Ófirst philosophy«K¤S¥s§@metaphysics¤F¡C
¨º»ò¤¤¤å¦WºÙ¡u§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡v©O¡H¤£¤Ö¥~°ê¦Wµüªº¤¤¤å½Ķ³£¸g¥Ñ¤é¥»¤H¤§¤â¡A¦Ómetaphysics¤@µü¤]¤£¨Ò¥~¡C©úªvºû·s®É´Á¡A¤é¥»µÛ¦Wõ¾Ç®a¤«¤Wõ¦¸¦®Ú¾Ú¡m©ö¸g¡DôÃã¤W¡nªº¡u§Î¦Ó¤WªÌ¿×¤§¹D¡A§Î¦Ó¤UªÌ¿×¤§¾¹¡v¤@»y¡A§âmetaphysicsĶ§@¡u§Î¦Ó¤W¾Ç¡v¡A¦]¬°³oÓ¤À¤ä©Ò¬ã¨sªº¥¿¬O¡u§Î¦Ó¤WªÌ¡v¡A§Y¶W¥G§ÎÅ餧¥~ªÌ¡A¥ç§Y¶W¸gÅç¬É©Î¥»Åé¬Éªº¨Æª«¡C
Metaphysicsªº¥Dn°Q½×°ÝÃD
¶Ç²Î¤W¡Ametaphysics°Q½×ªº¥Dn°ÝÃD¥]¬Aontology¡]¥»Åé½×¡^¡A§Ybeing¡]¥»Åé¡^©Mexistence¡]¦s¦b¡^µ¥©â¶H°ÝÃD¡A¨Ò¦pcausation¡]¦]ªG¡^¡Bfreedom¡]¦Û¥Ñ¡^¡Btime¡]®É¶¡¡^µ¥µ¥¡C·í¤¤©|¥]¬Amind¡]¤ßÆF¡^³oÓ¤j½ÒÃD¡A¦Ó²{¦b¥¦¤w¿W¥ßÅP¬°philosophy of mind¡]¤ßÆFõ¾Ç¡^³oÓ«n¤À¤ä¡C¦¹¥~¡Ametaphysics¥H«e±`°Q½×©Ò¿×natural theology¡]¦ÛµM¯«¾Ç¡^¡A¥ç§Y¤W«Ò¤Î¦³Ãö©v±Ðªº¦UÃþ°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó²{¦b³o¤]¿W¥ßÅP¬°philosophy of religion¡]©v±Ðõ¾Ç¡^¡C
¡uM¡v¦rºªºõ¾Ç¤À¤ä
°£metaphysics¥~¡A¨ä¹êM¦rºªºõ¾Ç¤À¤ä©|¦³´XÓ¤£¯à¤£´£¡Cº¥ý¬O¤W±´£¨ìªºmind¡]¤ßÆF¡^¡A¦Ó·í¤¤¤@¤j«n¬ã¨s»â°ì¬Oconsciousness¡]·NÃÑ¡^¡A¦]¬°³o¥¿¬O¤ßÆF»Pª«Åé¡]matter¡^ªº¤@¤j°Ï¤À¡C¥t¤@¤À¤ä¬Omorality¡]¹D¼w¡^¡A¤]±`¥smoral philosophy¡]¹D¼wõ¾Ç¡^©Îethics¡]Û²z¾Ç¡^¡A¬ã¨sªº«K¬O¦³Ãö¹D¼w»PÛ²zªº½Ñ¦h°ÝÃD¡C²Ä¤TÓ¤À¤ä¬Omathematics¡]¼Æ¾Ç¡^¡A©Î±`»¡§@philosophy of mathematics¡]¼Æ¾Çõ¾Ç¡^¡A±Mªù°Q½×»P¼Æ¾Ç¦³Ãöªºõ¾Ç°ÝÃD¡C
¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¡A¤@Ó¥slogical positivism¡]ÅÞ¿è¹êÃÒ¥D¸q¡^ªº¬£§OÁn¨¥n§¹¥þ´¬±ómetaphysics¡A»{¬°·í¤¤¥þ¬OµL·N¸qªº°Q½×¡A¦ý³oӾǬ£²{¤w¥iºâ·À¤`¤F¡C¡@¡½§E ¥\
³{©P¤¨£³ø
|