朋友剛從WhatsApp 發來一張相片。相片中是某香港酒店以英文發給客人的恭賀卡,只見英文錯漏百出,就連「congratulations」也缺少了「s」。 對某些人來說,欠缺了一個「s」看似是小事,但倘若顧客對英語有一定的掌握,他們心中對酒店印象一定大打折扣,感覺酒店做事不夠嚴謹。同樣地,如同學在DSE English Exam中常常犯這些小問題,閱卷員對同學們的印象亦會大打折扣。因此,今天我想以Q&A的形式與同學們討論一下articles (a, an, the) 應如何運用。
Q1: Articles 的功用是甚麼?有幾多種?
A1: Articles 是noun markers。 在Articles 後面一定會有名詞。在英語中有兩種articles,它們分別是indefinite articles (a, an) 和 definite article (the).
Q2: 如何正確運用articles?
A2: 簡單來說,當同學運用singular count nouns時,都應在nouns 前放罝articles。 Plural count nouns則不需用a or an。請看看以下的例子:
E.g. A teacher (article with a singular count noun)
Teachers (no article is needed when the count noun is plural)
倘若名詞是noncount nouns,則無需與a or an 同用;通常,noncount nouns 會與 其他qualifiers(如 some、a lot of)一起用。不過,在noncount nouns 之前也可以不需放置任何的articles。
E.g. Would you like some bread? ("Some" is placed before "bread".)
My mother prepares homemade lemonade for me. (No article is used before "lemonade".)
Q3: 「The」 應如何運用?
A3: 「The」會用在specific noun 前面;所謂specific noun,其實是指讀者清楚知道那名詞是甚麼;因為在文中之前已遇見過。有以下情況會用「the」︰
1. 那名詞之前已出現過。 E.g. A girl is holding a baby in her arms. The baby cries incessantly.
2. 那名詞是unique。 E.g. The sun rises in the east.
3. 那名詞的身份可由上文下理infer 的。 At Jonathan's party last Friday, the food was terrible. (It must be the food served at Jonathan's party.)
4. 當在superlative adjective 之前用。例如,「the most beautiful girl」、「the hottest day」等。
另外,倘若我們用singular proper nouns (like Paris, Milan) 時,我們通常都不會用「The」。 ■Dr. A. Chan
作者簡介:哲學博士,哲學碩士,英語講師。熟悉公開考試之出題模式與評分準則,任教英語。
Exercises
Select the correct form of noun in parentheses.
1. Last Friday, I went to (a pub, the pub) with my friends.
2. It's dangerous to stare directly at (the sun, a sun).
3. (The service, Service) is important to a hotel's success.
Answers
1. Last Friday, I went to (a pub) with my friends.
2. It's dangerous to stare directly at (the sun).
3. (Service) is important to a hotel's success.
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