余 功
諾貝爾文學獎(Nobel Prize in Literature)頒發了百餘年,各位知道誰是至今最年輕的得主嗎?他是英國作家吉卜林(Rudyard Kipling,1865-1936),當中的Rudyard讀如RUD-yud,而Kipling則讀作KIP-ling。他在1907年獲獎,當年41歲,也是首位榮獲文學諾獎的英國人。諾貝爾委員會把這項殊榮頒給他,是in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author(為了表揚這位舉世知名的作家,作品屢屢顯示了敏銳的觀察力、獨到的想像力、構思的生命力,以及敘事的超卓才能)。
森林動物 嚴禁吃人
他曾在印度生活多年,不少作品都是以印度森林為背景的童話故事,例如今天介紹的兒童名著《叢林奇譚》(The Jungle Book,另譯《叢林故事》),當中不時提及著名的The Law of the Jungle(叢林法則)。各項法則中,最有趣的大概是以下一項,因為與人類有關:The Law of the Jungle, which never orders anything without a reason, forbids every beast to eat Man except when he is killing to show his children how to kill, and then he must hunt outside the hunting grounds of his pack or tribe(「森林法則」發出任何命令都不會毫無因由。任何動物,除了向幼崽示範如何殺人外,一律不准吃人,而且必須在他群族的獵殺範圍外這麼做)。
免招復仇 慘死滅族
為甚麼呢?是否要對人類特別仁慈?非也:The real reason for this is that man-killing means, sooner or later, the arrival of white men on elephants, with guns, and hundreds of brown men with gongs and rockets and torches. Then everybody in the jungle suffers(真正的原因在於,殺人遲早會導致白人騎象攜槍入侵,而成百上千棕色皮膚的人也會帶同銅鑼和火箭及火炬前來,這樣森林內每頭動物都會受苦)。
襲擊弱者 有欠磊落
上述提及的是real reason(真正的原因)。難道有不真正的原因嗎?原來有:The reason the beasts give among themselves is that Man is the weakest and most defenseless of all living things, and it is unsportsmanlike to touch him. They say too - and it is true - that man-eaters become mangy, and lose their teeth(動物之間傳播的原因則是,人是所有生物中最脆弱最缺乏自衛能力的,因此觸碰他並不光明磊落。他們也說—而這倒是事實—吃人的動物會患疥癬,牙齒也會脫落)。
要接觸這些有趣故事,除了看書,尚可看迪士尼的改編電影呢。
逢周五見報
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