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■中國將實行鐵路政企分開，國務院將組建國家鐵路局和中國鐵路總公司，圖為春運中的和諧號。 資料圖片
中共十八屆二中全會昨日（2月28日）審議通過了《國務院機構改革和職能轉變方案》，並建議國務院將這個方案提交即將召開的十二屆全國人大一次會議審議。這是落實十八大提出的「穩步推進大部門制改革」，意味著行政改革將成為今年「兩會」的重要議題。穩步推進大部門制改革，有利於簡政放權、提高行政效能，改變權力過分集中、滋生貪腐的弊端，打造一個高效廉潔、公共服務型的政府，對於適應市場經濟發展，加快中國經濟社會結構轉型具有重大意義。
當前內地行政機構還存在一個為人詬病的「頑疾」，就是權力高度集中，掌握龐大資源，形成一個個利益集團，成為產生貪污腐化的溫床，鐵道部劉志軍貪腐大案就是典型。大部制改革將在責、權、利的分配和界定方面有明顯突破，不僅機構人員要精簡，職能也應得到優化，在減少、分散行政機構的權力同時，建立健全監督機制，以脫胎換骨的勇氣向社會分權，建立一個價值明確、適應社會要求的「責權一致」的政府，以制度化完善廉政建設，加強施政的民主性和科學性，提升民眾對政府的信任和支持。因此，大部制改革也被視為推動政治改革的一項重要舉措。
Reform the administrative body to keep in line with social transformation
The Second Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Communist Party of China（CPC）Central Committee held on 28 February discussed and passed the draft plan for the reform of State Council agencies and change of functions. It was recommended to the State Council that the draft plan be presented in the upcoming First Session of the Twelfth National People掇 Congress for discussion. This is a move to realize the idea of 烞teadily pushing forward the big department system* raised in the Eighteenth CPC National Congress, meaning that reform of the administrative body will be the central issue for the 浭PC and CPPCC sessions* this year. Steadily pushing forward the big department system will help streamline administration and delegation of power, thereby improving the efficiency of policy execution. It will also change the present imperfect state of over-centralization of power that breeds bribery and corruption, creating a highly efficient and corruption-free government which aims at serving the public. This is a highly significant move for China to keep in line with the development of a market economy and to speed up the transformation of its economic and social structure.
Today, the administrative body of the mainland is marred by a 涄hronic disease* which has long been strongly criticized. The disease is the over-centralization of power. Hugh resources are controlled by groups who have vested interests. These vested interests are breeding grounds for bribery and corruption. The corruption case of Liu Zhijun of the Ministry of Railroad is a typical example. Under the big department system, significant breakthrough will be made in the distribution and definition of accountability, authority and interests of the government agencies. Not only will the staffing of the administrative body be streamlined but their functions will also be optimized. While reducing and decentralizing the power of the administrative body, a sound supervisory mechanism will be established. If a bold step is taken to make an overhaul, power will be delegated to the wider community to build a government that upholds clearly defined values and satisfies people's aspiration for 烒ight alignment between authority and accountability*. This is to build a sound system of corruption-free government so that policies can be implemented in a more democratic and scientific manner, and people's trust in and support of the government can as well be enhanced. Therefore, the big department system is also seen as a major initiative to push forward political reform.
（節自2013年3月1日香港《文匯報》）
■Translation by Tung-ming [ tungming23@gmail.com ]
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